Risk Factors for Osteoporosis among Patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease-Do We Already Know Everything?

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 5; p. 1151
• Main Authors: Lewandowski, Konrad, Kaniewska, Magdalena, Więcek, Martyna, Szwarc, Paulina, Panufnik, Paulina, Tulewicz-Marti, Edyta, Walicka, Magdalena, Franek, Edward, Rydzewska, Grażyna
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 24.02.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon; Analysis; Bone Density; Bone turnover; Chi-square test; Collagen; Crohn Disease - complications; Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry; Exercise; Fractures; Humans; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - complications; Intestine; Laboratory tests; Male; Medical research; Medicine, Experimental; metabolic bone disease; Normal distribution; Osteocalcin; Osteoporosis; Osteoporosis - etiology; Physical activity; Physical fitness; Prophylaxis; Remission; Risk Factors; Risk factors (Health); Ulcerative colitis; Vitamin D; Women; Poland; inflammatory bowel diseases; osteoporosis; metabolic bone disease; vitamin D; physical activity
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15051151

There are many known risk factors for osteoporosis (OST) among patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), one of which is physical activity. The aim of the study is to assess the frequency and risk factors of OST among 232 patients with IBD compared to a group of 199 patients without IBD. The participants underwent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, laboratory tests, and completed a questionnaire about their physical activity. It was found that 7.3% of IBD patients suffered from OST. Male gender, ulcerative colitis, extensive inflammation in the intestine, exacerbation of disease, rare physical activity, other forms of physical activity, past fractures, lower levels of osteocalcin, and higher levels of C-terminal telopeptide of type 1 collagen were risk factors for OST. As many as 70.6% of OST patients were rarely physically active. OST is a common problem in IBD patients. OST risk factors differ significantly between the general population and those with IBD. Modifiable factors can be influenced by patients and by physicians. The key to OST prophylaxis may be regular physical activity, which should be recommended in clinical remission. It may also prove valuable to use markers of bone turnover in diagnostics, which may enable decisions regarding therapy.