Ab initio calculation of real solids via neural network ansatz

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 7895 - 9
• Main Authors: Li, Xiang, Li, Zhe, Chen, Ji
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 22.12.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/766/119; 639/766/94; Boundary conditions; Condensed matter physics; Electron gas; Electronic structure; Graphene; Humanities and Social Sciences; Learning algorithms; Lithium; Lithium hydrides; Machine learning; Materials science; Molecular modelling; multidisciplinary; Neural networks; Physics; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Solids; Wave functions
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35627-1

Neural networks have been applied to tackle many-body electron correlations for small molecules and physical models in recent years. Here we propose an architecture that extends molecular neural networks with the inclusion of periodic boundary conditions to enable ab initio calculation of real solids. The accuracy of our approach is demonstrated in four different types of systems, namely the one-dimensional periodic hydrogen chain, the two-dimensional graphene, the three-dimensional lithium hydride crystal, and the homogeneous electron gas, where the obtained results, e.g. total energies, dissociation curves, and cohesive energies, reach a competitive level with many traditional ab initio methods. Moreover, electron densities of typical systems are also calculated to provide physical intuition of various solids. Our method of extending a molecular neural network to periodic systems can be easily integrated into other neural network structures, highlighting a promising future of ab initio solution of more complex solid systems using neural network ansatz, and more generally endorsing the application of machine learning in materials simulation and condensed matter physics. Solving the many-body electronic structure of real solids is a grand challenge in condensed matter physics and materials science. Here authors present a machine learning ab initio architecture for real solids, which combines molecular neural network wavefunction ansatz and periodic features, providing accurate solutions for a range of solids.