Microbiota, Inflammation and Colorectal Cancer

• Published in: International journal of molecular sciences Vol. 18; no. 6; p. 1310
• Main Authors: Lucas, Cécily, Barnich, Nicolas, Nguyen, Hang
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.06.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Adaptive Immunity; Alcohol; Bacteria; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - metabolism; Bacteria - pathogenicity; Carcinogenesis; Carcinogens; Cell cycle; Cell Cycle - drug effects; Cell growth; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - immunology; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - metabolism; Cell Transformation, Neoplastic - pathology; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - immunology; Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism; Colorectal Neoplasms - microbiology; Colorectal Neoplasms - pathology; Deoxyribonucleic acid; Diabetes; DNA; DNA damage; E coli; Fatty acids; Food; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - immunology; Gastrointestinal Microbiome - physiology; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation; Inflammation - immunology; Inflammation - metabolism; Inflammation - microbiology; Inflammatory bowel disease; Kinases; Life Sciences; Metabolites; Microbiota; Mutagens - adverse effects; Mutation; Obesity; Review; Risk Factors; Senescence; Socioeconomic factors; Tumorigenesis; Tumors; United States > US; host-pathogen interaction; intestinal microbiota; colorectal cancer; inflammation; genotoxins; interaction hôte pathogène; host pathogen systems; colorectal neoplasm; microbiote digestif; endotoxine; cancer colorectal; endotoxin
• ISSN: 1422-0067; 1661-6596; 1422-0067
• DOI: 10.3390/ijms18061310

Colorectal cancer, the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide, is a multifactorial disease involving genetic, environmental and lifestyle risk factors. In addition, increased evidence has established a role for the intestinal microbiota in the development of colorectal cancer. Indeed, changes in the intestinal microbiota composition in colorectal cancer patients compared to control subjects have been reported. Several bacterial species have been shown to exhibit the pro-inflammatory and pro-carcinogenic properties, which could consequently have an impact on colorectal carcinogenesis. This review will summarize the current knowledge about the potential links between the intestinal microbiota and colorectal cancer, with a focus on the pro-carcinogenic properties of bacterial microbiota such as induction of inflammation, the biosynthesis of genotoxins that interfere with cell cycle regulation and the production of toxic metabolites. Finally, we will describe the potential therapeutic strategies based on intestinal microbiota manipulation for colorectal cancer treatment.