Attitude and intention of migrant populations in the Netherlands regarding female genital mutilation/cutting

• Published in: BMC women's health Vol. 22; no. 1; pp. 1 - 405
• Main Authors: Kawous, Ramin, Allwood, Emily, Middelburg, Annemarie, van der Kwaak, Anke, Geraci, Diana, Bos, Marthine, van den Muijsenbergh, Maria E. T. C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London BioMed Central Ltd 05.10.2022; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Attitude; Attitudes; Behavior; Beliefs, opinions and attitudes; Data collection; Female circumcision; Female genital mutilation/cutting; Females; Focus groups; Genital mutilation; Immigrants; Intention; Migrants; Migration; Perceptions; Public opinion; Qualitative research; Social pressure; Urogenital system; Womens health; Netherlands
• ISSN: 1472-6874; 1472-6874
• DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-01979-5

Abstract Background Due to migration, the practice female genital mutilation/cutting (FGM/C) has become an issue of concern in high-resource countries such as the Netherlands. It was therefore of utmost importance to explore the attitude and intention of migrant populations in the Netherlands towards FGM/C, which may be leveraged to promote its elimination. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to explore the attitude and intention of migrant populations in the Netherlands regarding FGM/C. Methods A qualitative study design was employed using Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) as a framework for the analysis. Data were collected using focus-group discussions (FGDs) and individual interviews. The FGDs and individual interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. The main topics of the interviews were based on the constructs of TPB (attitude, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention). Thus, concerning the development of categories, we opted for a hybrid form using a deductive as well as an inductive approach. Results A total of 55 participants, 15 men and 40 women (9 born in the Netherlands) participated in the study. The findings showed that as a result of migration and regardless of country of origin and gender, many participants have changed their attitudes towards the abandonment of FGM/C. None of the participants intended to have FGM/C performed on their daughters. Generally, the social pressure to perform FGM/C seems to be lower in the Netherlands when compared to the country of origin. Most participants felt confident in their ability to resist social pressure. However, some participants feared that they might succumb to social pressure or feared that their daughters would undergo FGM/C without their consent. Conclusion This study aimed to explore the attitude and intention of migration populations in the Netherlands regarding FGM/C. Our findings showed that the study participants had no intention to perform FGM/C on their daughters. As a consequence of acculturation process, interest in the practice of FGM/C could wane following migration. Nonetheless, some pressure to perform FGM/C still exists after migration. Newly arrived migrants and those more vulnerable to social pressure, may benefit from educational interventions that increases knowledge and awareness about various aspects of the practice, with an emphasis on empowering those individuals in facing social pressure.