A photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and core temperature

• Published in: Nature communications Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 7757
• Main Authors: Gao, Xiaoxiang, Chen, Xiangjun, Hu, Hongjie, Wang, Xinyu, Yue, Wentong, Mu, Jing, Lou, Zhiyuan, Zhang, Ruiqi, Shi, Keren, Chen, Xue, Lin, Muyang, Qi, Baiyan, Zhou, Sai, Lu, Chengchangfeng, Gu, Yue, Yang, Xinyi, Ding, Hong, Zhu, Yangzhi, Huang, Hao, Ma, Yuxiang, Li, Mohan, Mishra, Aditya, Wang, Joseph, Xu, Sheng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 15.12.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 639/301/1005/1009; 639/624/1111/1115; 639/766/930/2735; 692/700/1421/1860; Acoustic waves; Biomolecules; Diodes; Hemoglobin; Hemoglobins; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Imaging; Imaging, Three-Dimensional - methods; Lasers; Mapping; multidisciplinary; Piezoelectric transducers; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Semiconductor lasers; Skin; Spatial discrimination; Spatial resolution; Substrates; Temperature; Three dimensional imaging; Tissues; Transducers; Vertical cavity surface emission lasers; Wearable technology
• ISSN: 2041-1723; 2041-1723
• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35455-3

Electronic patches, based on various mechanisms, allow continuous and noninvasive monitoring of biomolecules on the skin surface. However, to date, such devices are unable to sense biomolecules in deep tissues, which have a stronger and faster correlation with the human physiological status than those on the skin surface. Here, we demonstrate a photoacoustic patch for three-dimensional (3D) mapping of hemoglobin in deep tissues. This photoacoustic patch integrates an array of ultrasonic transducers and vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) diodes on a common soft substrate. The high-power VCSEL diodes can generate laser pulses that penetrate >2 cm into biological tissues and activate hemoglobin molecules to generate acoustic waves, which can be collected by the transducers for 3D imaging of the hemoglobin with a high spatial resolution. Additionally, the photoacoustic signal amplitude and temperature have a linear relationship, which allows 3D mapping of core temperatures with high accuracy and fast response. With access to biomolecules in deep tissues, this technology adds unprecedented capabilities to wearable electronics and thus holds significant implications for various applications in both basic research and clinical practice. The authors present a wearable photoacoustic patch, which integrates laser diodes and piezoelectric transducers for three-dimensional imaging of hemoglobin and temperature in deep tissues.