No Evidence That Circulating GLP-1 or PYY Are Associated with Increased Satiety during Low Energy Diet-Induced Weight Loss: Modelling Biomarkers of Appetite

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 15; no. 10; p. 2399
• Main Authors: Lim, Jia Jiet, Liu, Yutong, Lu, Louise W, Sequeira, Ivana R, Poppitt, Sally D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 20.05.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: amino acid; Amino Acids; Analysis; Appetite; Appetite - physiology; Biological markers; biomarker; Biomarkers; Blood; Body weight; Body weight loss; Diabetes; Diet; Disease susceptibility; Energy; Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Fat-free body mass; Female; gastrointestinal peptide; Gastrointestinal surgery; Ghrelin; Glucagon; Glucagon-Like Peptide 1; Glucose; Glycine; Humans; Hunger; Hypertension; Intervention; Light-emitting diodes; low energy diet; Metabolism; Modelling; Nutrient deficiency; Nutrition research; Obesity; Peptide YY; Peptides; Pharmacology; Physiology; Proteins; Satiety; Type 2 diabetes; Valine; visual analogue scale; Weight control; Weight loss; Weight Loss - physiology; New Zealand; visual analogue scale; appetite; gastrointestinal peptide; biomarker; amino acid; low energy diet
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu15102399

Bariatric surgery and pharmacology treatments increase circulating glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and peptide YY (PYY), in turn promoting satiety and body weight (BW) loss. However, the utility of GLP-1 and PYY in predicting appetite response during dietary interventions remains unsubstantiated. This study investigated whether the decrease in hunger observed following low energy diet (LED)-induced weight loss was associated with increased circulating 'satiety peptides', and/or associated changes in glucose, glucoregulatory peptides or amino acids (AAs). In total, 121 women with obesity underwent an 8-week LED intervention, of which 32 completed an appetite assessment via a preload challenge at both Week 0 and Week 8, and are reported here. Visual analogue scales (VAS) were administered to assess appetite-related responses, and blood samples were collected over 210 min post-preload. The area under the curve (AUC ), incremental AUC (iAUC ), and change from Week 0 to Week 8 (∆) were calculated. Multiple linear regression was used to test the association between VAS-appetite responses and blood biomarkers. Mean (±SEM) BW loss was 8.4 ± 0.5 kg (-8%). Unexpectedly, the decrease in ∆AUC hunger was best associated with decreased ∆AUC GLP-1, GIP, and valine ( < 0.05, all), and increased ∆AUC glycine and proline ( < 0.05, both). The majority of associations remained significant after adjusting for BW and fat-free mass loss. There was no evidence that changes in circulating GLP-1 or PYY were predictive of changes in appetite-related responses. The modelling suggested that other putative blood biomarkers of appetite, such as AAs, should be further investigated in future larger longitudinal dietary studies.