Omics technologies for improved diagnosis and treatment of colorectal cancer: Technical advancement and major perspectives

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 131; p. 110648
• Main Authors: Dalal, Nishu, Jalandra, Rekha, Sharma, Minakshi, Prakash, Hridayesh, Makharia, Govind K., Solanki, Pratima R., Singh, Rajeev, Kumar, Anil
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01.11.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Biomarkers; Colorectal cancer; Colorectal Neoplasms - diagnosis; Colorectal Neoplasms - genetics; Colorectal Neoplasms - metabolism; Colorectal Neoplasms - therapy; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Metabolomics; Metagenomics; Microbiota; Omics; Proteomics; Transcriptome; Transcriptomics; Biomarkers; Microbiota; Transcriptomics; Colorectal cancer; Omics
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110648

[Display omitted] •Role of omics technologies for CRC research is highlighted.•Various diagnostic CRC biomarkers are highlighted.•Omics technologies can pave the way to devise new diagnostics for CRC.•Upcoming omics technology, culturomics has also been discussed in the review.•Culturomics and metagenomics have huge implications in CRC research. Colorectal cancer (CRC) ranks third among the most commonly occurring cancers worldwide, and it causes half a million deaths annually. Alongside mechanistic study for CRC detection and treatment by conventional techniques, new technologies have been developed to study CRC. These technologies include genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics which elucidate DNA markers, RNA transcripts, protein and, metabolites produced inside the colon and rectum part of the gut. All these approaches form the omics arena, which presents a remarkable opportunity for the discovery of novel prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers and also delineate the underlying mechanism of CRC causation, which may further help in devising treatment strategies. This review also mentions the latest developments in metagenomics and culturomics as emerging evidence suggests that metagenomics of gut microbiota has profound implications in the causation, prognosis, and treatment of CRC. A majority of bacteria cannot be studied as they remain unculturable, so culturomics has also been strengthened to develop culture conditions suitable for the growth of unculturable bacteria and identify unknown bacteria. The overall purpose of this review is to succinctly evaluate the application of omics technologies in colorectal cancer research for improving the diagnosis and treatment strategies.