Ginsenosides for the treatment of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases: Pharmacology and mechanisms

• Published in: Biomedicine & pharmacotherapy Vol. 132; p. 110915
• Main Authors: Fan, Wenxiang, Huang, Yongliang, Zheng, Hui, Li, Shuiqin, Li, Zhuohong, Yuan, Li, Cheng, Xi, He, Chengshi, Sun, Jianfeng
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: France Elsevier Masson SAS 01.12.2020; Elsevier
• Subjects: Animals; Biological Products - chemistry; Biological Products - isolation & purification; Biological Products - therapeutic use; Cardiotonic Agents - chemistry; Cardiotonic Agents - isolation & purification; Cardiotonic Agents - therapeutic use; Cardiovascular diseases; Cardiovascular Diseases - drug therapy; Cardiovascular Diseases - metabolism; Clinical Trials as Topic - methods; Ginsenosides; Ginsenosides - chemistry; Ginsenosides - isolation & purification; Ginsenosides - therapeutic use; Humans; Hypoglycemic Agents - chemistry; Hypoglycemic Agents - isolation & purification; Hypoglycemic Agents - therapeutic use; Mechanism; Metabolic syndrome; Metabolic Syndrome - drug therapy; Metabolic Syndrome - metabolism; Phytotherapy - methods; Signaling pathways; Treatment Outcome; T1DM; BATs; OLETF; HFD; DM; DN; Ginsenoside Rg1 (PubChem CID:441923); Ginsenoside Rd (PubChem CID:24721561); PPAR γ; I/R; DR; IGF1R; Ginsenosides; CPT1; STZ; Ginsenoside Rg3 (PubChem CID: 9918693); CHOP; SHP; MI; Jak2; MAPKs; HSL; Ginsenoside Rb1 (PubChem CID:9898279); Ginsenoside Rg2 (PubChem CID: 21599924); GLP1; HFHS; IR; IGF-1; IL-1β; ER; IL-6; DCM; MetS; G6Pase; ROS; AMPK; Sirt1; VSMC; PLIN1; Cardiovascular diseases; ATF6; NADPH; T2DM; NO; NAFLD; COX-1; C/EBPs; UCP1; Ginsenoside Rb3 (PubChem CID: 12912363); HO-1; H/R; WAT; Metabolic syndrome; Mechanism; Signaling pathways; GSK-3β; ERKs; Nrf2; IRE1; PRDM16; cTnl; ACC; GLUT2; Ginsenoside Re (PubChem CID: 441921); SGLT1; VEGF; Con A; STAT3; DIO; SREBP-1c; JNKs; Ginsenoside Rb2 (PubChem CID: 6917976); FABP4; TG; TNF-α; Ginsenoside compound K (PubChem CID: 9852086); FAS; CVDs; HF
• ISSN: 0753-3322; 1950-6007
• DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110915

[Display omitted] •Ginsenosides have a great potential in Mets and CVDs treatment.•This review comprehensively clarifies the molecular mechanism in the treatment of ginsenosides on Mets and CVDs.•This review summarizes the clinic trials of ginsenosides on Mets and CVDs.•This review prospects the future development direction of ginsenosides. Epidemiological studies showed that the metabolic syndromes (MetS) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are responsible for a serious threat to human health worldwide. MetS is a syndromes characterized by fat metabolism disorder, obesity, diabetes, insulin resistance and other risk factors, which increases the risk of CVDs initiation and development. Although certain drugs play a role in lowering blood sugar and lipid, some side effects also occur. Considering the multiple pathogenesis, a great deal of natural products have been attempted to treat metabolic syndromes. Ginsenosides, as the active components isolated from Panax ginseng C.A.Mey, have been reported to have therapeutic effects on MetS and CVDs, of which pharmacological mechanisms were further studied as well. This review aims to systematically summarize current pharmacological effects of ginsenosides on MetS and CVDs, potential mechanisms and clinic trials, which will greatly contribute to the development of potential agents for related disease treatment.