Integrated Omics analysis of pig muscle metabolism under the effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris and exogenous enzymes

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 12; no. 1; pp. 16992 - 17
• Main Authors: Coelho, Diogo, Ribeiro, David, Osório, Hugo, de Almeida, André Martinho, Prates, José António Mestre
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 10.10.2022; Nature Publishing Group; Nature Portfolio
• Subjects: 631/114; 631/337; 631/45; 631/601; Animal Feed - analysis; Animals; Apoptosis; BAX protein; bcl-2-Associated X Protein; Cell walls; Chlorella vulgaris; Energy balance; Energy metabolism; Fatty Acids; Glucose; Hogs; Homeostasis; Humanities and Social Sciences; Integrated approach; Metabolism; multidisciplinary; Muscle contraction; Muscles; Nutrient availability; Proteolysis; Proteome; Proteomes; Science; Science (multidisciplinary); Sirtuin 3; Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 1; Sterol regulatory element-binding protein; Swine; Transcriptomes
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-21466-z

Monogastric feeding is dependent on costly conventional feedstuffs. Microalgae such as Chlorella vulgaris are a sustainable alternative; however, its recalcitrant cell wall hinders monogastric digestion. Carbohydrate Active Enzyme (CAZyme) supplementation is a possible solution. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of 5% dietary C. vulgaris (CV) and enzymatic supplementation (CV + R—Rovabio® Excel AP; CV + M—four CAZyme mix) on muscle transcriptome and proteome of finishing pigs, in an integrated approach. Control pigs increased the abundance of contractile apparatus (MYH1, MYH2, MYH4) and energy metabolism (CKMT1, NDUFS3) proteins, demonstrating increased nutrient availability. They had increased expression of SCD , characteristic of increased glucose availability, via the activation of SREBP-1c and ChREBP. CV and CV + R pigs upregulated proteolytic and apoptotic genes ( BAX , DDA1 ), whilst increasing the abundance of glucose (UQCRFS1) and fatty acid catabolism (ACADS) proteins. CV + R pigs upregulated ACOT8 and SIRT3 genes as a response to reduced nutrient availability, maintaining energy homeostasis. The cell wall specific CAZyme mix, CV + M, was able to comparatively reduce Omics alterations in the muscle, thereby reducing endogenous nutrient catabolism compared to the CV + R and CV.