Efficacy of Melaleuca alternifolia and chlorhexidine mouth rinses in reducing oral malodor and Solobacterium moorei levels. A 1 week, randomized, double-blind, parallel study

• Published in: Indian journal of pharmacology Vol. 54; no. 2; pp. 77 - 83
• Main Authors: Srikumar, K, Bhagyashree, B, Srirangarajan, Sridharan, Ravi, Rao, Vinaya, Rudresh
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: India Wolters Kluwer India Pvt. Ltd 01.03.2022; Medknow Publications and Media Pvt. Ltd; Medknow Publications & Media Pvt. Ltd; Wolters Kluwer - Medknow
• Subjects: Anti-Infective Agents, Local - pharmacology; Anti-Infective Agents, Local - therapeutic use; Bacillus (Bacteria); Breath, Offensive; Causes of; Chemical properties; Chlorhexidine; Chlorhexidine - pharmacology; Chlorhexidine - therapeutic use; Clinical; Control; Dosage and administration; Double-blind studies; Firmicutes; Halitosis; Halitosis - drug therapy; Halitosis - microbiology; Halitosis - prevention & control; Humans; Melaleuca; Mouthwashes - therapeutic use; Myrtaceae; Oral hygiene; Pharmaceutical research; Risk factors; Tongue; India; tea tree oil; Chlorhexidine; portable breath analyzer; halitosis; solobacterium
• ISSN: 0253-7613; 1998-3751
• DOI: 10.4103/ijp.ijp_772_20

OBJECTIVES: The objective is to evaluate the association of Solobacterium moorei (S. moorei) to halitosis and to also check for the effects of two different mouth rinses on levels of S. moorei in saliva and tongue coating and its impact on oral halitosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This was a placebo-controlled parallel study of 160 individuals who were randomized and the study was performed using double-blinded protocol. Enrolled individuals filled a structured questionnaire regarding demographic data, oral hygiene habits, and dietary habits. Full mouth organoleptic odor scores (OLR), volatile sulfur compounds levels, Miyazaki's tongue coating index, and Plaque scores were recorded before intervention (baseline) and after 1-week post treatment. Microbiological samples obtained from the tongue and saliva was investigated for S. moorei levels using real time polymerase chain reaction. Participants were randomly assigned for two test mouth rinses (Melaleuca alternifolia and Chlorhexidine) and placebo groups. RESULTS: All salivary and tongue coating samples were tested positive for S. moorei in the halitosis group. One week post-treatment S. moorei counts in saliva and tongue coating samples of test group showed a significant reduction at P < 0.001. Paired t-test results showed that Melaleuca alternifolia was comparable with chlorhexidine in reduction of OLR, and VSC scores (P < 0.001). Salivary levels of S. moorei in Melaleuca alternifolia group showed a higher reduction (5.67 log10 copies/mL) than chlorhexidine group (5.1log10 copies/mL). CONCLUSION: S. moorei showed a positive correlation with oral halitosis scores. Both Melaleuca alternifolia and chlorhexidine were equally effective in reducing S. moorei levels and halitosis score.