Effect of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) on cytomegalovirus urine viral load during and following treatment for malaria in children

Highlights • CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area. • Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine. • Artemisinin-based therapy for malaria may decrease CMV shedding in urine.

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Published inJournal of clinical virology Vol. 77; pp. 40 - 45
Main Authors Barger-Kamate, Breanna, Forman, Michael, Sangare, Cheik Oumar, Haidara, Aboubecrin Sedhigh A, Maiga, Hamma, Vaidya, Dhananjay, Djimde, Abdoulaye, Arav-Boger, Ravit
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published Netherlands Elsevier B.V 01.04.2016
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Abstract Highlights • CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area. • Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine. • Artemisinin-based therapy for malaria may decrease CMV shedding in urine.
AbstractList Background Artemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports; however, the in vivo anti-CMV activity has not been well investigated. Objectives To evaluate whether artemisinins affect CMV shedding among subjects co-infected with CMV and malaria. Study design A prospective observational study of children in Mali (6 month-10 year) presenting with fever. Urine samples were collected at day 0, 3, and 14 from children treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem registered ) for malaria and those who had other illnesses not treated with Coartem. CMV DNA was quantified using a real-time PCR. Resulting urine viral loads were compared between the groups at three time points. Results 164 malaria cases and 143 non-malaria comparisons were enrolled. Eighty-one (49%) cases and 88 (62%) comparisons shed CMV at day 0. Day 0 and day 3 viral loads were similar, but at day 14 the median viral load of cases was lower than that of comparisons (360 vs 720 copies/mL or 2.56 vs 2.86 log10), p =0.059. A stratified analysis of day 0 high viral shedders (defined as >1000 copies/mL) showed significantly lower median viral load at day 14 among cases (490 copies/mL, 2.69 log10) vs comparisons (1200 copies/mL, 3.08 log10), p =0.045. Conclusion A high rate of urinary CMV shedding was found in a malaria-endemic area. Among high virus shedders artemether-lumefantrine decreased urine viral load, but the effect was not observed when analysis of both high and low shedders was performed. These results support additional studies of artemisinin dosing and duration in CMV infection.
Artemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports; however, the in vivo anti-CMV activity has not been well investigated. To evaluate whether artemisinins affect CMV shedding among subjects co-infected with CMV and malaria. A prospective observational study of children in Mali (6 month-10 year) presenting with fever. Urine samples were collected at day 0, 3, and 14 from children treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem(®)) for malaria and those who had other illnesses not treated with Coartem. CMV DNA was quantified using a real-time PCR. Resulting urine viral loads were compared between the groups at three time points. 164 malaria cases and 143 non-malaria comparisons were enrolled. Eighty-one (49%) cases and 88 (62%) comparisons shed CMV at day 0. Day 0 and day 3 viral loads were similar, but at day 14 the median viral load of cases was lower than that of comparisons (360 vs 720 copies/mL or 2.56 vs 2.86 log10), p=0.059. A stratified analysis of day 0 high viral shedders (defined as >1000 copies/mL) showed significantly lower median viral load at day 14 among cases (490 copies/mL, 2.69 log10) vs comparisons (1200 copies/mL, 3.08 log10), p=0.045. A high rate of urinary CMV shedding was found in a malaria-endemic area. Among high virus shedders artemether-lumefantrine decreased urine viral load, but the effect was not observed when analysis of both high and low shedders was performed. These results support additional studies of artemisinin dosing and duration in CMV infection.
Highlights • CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area. • Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine. • Artemisinin-based therapy for malaria may decrease CMV shedding in urine.
•CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area.•Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine.•Artemisinin-based therapy for malaria may decrease CMV shedding in urine. Artemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports; however, the in vivo anti-CMV activity has not been well investigated. To evaluate whether artemisinins affect CMV shedding among subjects co-infected with CMV and malaria. A prospective observational study of children in Mali (6 month–10 year) presenting with fever. Urine samples were collected at day 0, 3, and 14 from children treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem®) for malaria and those who had other illnesses not treated with Coartem. CMV DNA was quantified using a real-time PCR. Resulting urine viral loads were compared between the groups at three time points. 164 malaria cases and 143 non-malaria comparisons were enrolled. Eighty-one (49%) cases and 88 (62%) comparisons shed CMV at day 0. Day 0 and day 3 viral loads were similar, but at day 14 the median viral load of cases was lower than that of comparisons (360 vs 720 copies/mL or 2.56 vs 2.86 log10), p=0.059. A stratified analysis of day 0 high viral shedders (defined as >1000 copies/mL) showed significantly lower median viral load at day 14 among cases (490 copies/mL, 2.69 log10) vs comparisons (1200 copies/mL, 3.08 log10), p=0.045. A high rate of urinary CMV shedding was found in a malaria-endemic area. Among high virus shedders artemether-lumefantrine decreased urine viral load, but the effect was not observed when analysis of both high and low shedders was performed. These results support additional studies of artemisinin dosing and duration in CMV infection.
BACKGROUNDArtemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports; however, the in vivo anti-CMV activity has not been well investigated.OBJECTIVESTo evaluate whether artemisinins affect CMV shedding among subjects co-infected with CMV and malaria.STUDY DESIGNA prospective observational study of children in Mali (6 month-10 year) presenting with fever. Urine samples were collected at day 0, 3, and 14 from children treated with artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem(®)) for malaria and those who had other illnesses not treated with Coartem. CMV DNA was quantified using a real-time PCR. Resulting urine viral loads were compared between the groups at three time points.RESULTS164 malaria cases and 143 non-malaria comparisons were enrolled. Eighty-one (49%) cases and 88 (62%) comparisons shed CMV at day 0. Day 0 and day 3 viral loads were similar, but at day 14 the median viral load of cases was lower than that of comparisons (360 vs 720 copies/mL or 2.56 vs 2.86 log10), p=0.059. A stratified analysis of day 0 high viral shedders (defined as >1000 copies/mL) showed significantly lower median viral load at day 14 among cases (490 copies/mL, 2.69 log10) vs comparisons (1200 copies/mL, 3.08 log10), p=0.045.CONCLUSIONA high rate of urinary CMV shedding was found in a malaria-endemic area. Among high virus shedders artemether-lumefantrine decreased urine viral load, but the effect was not observed when analysis of both high and low shedders was performed. These results support additional studies of artemisinin dosing and duration in CMV infection.
Author Forman, Michael
Haidara, Aboubecrin Sedhigh A
Maiga, Hamma
Vaidya, Dhananjay
Djimde, Abdoulaye
Sangare, Cheik Oumar
Arav-Boger, Ravit
Barger-Kamate, Breanna
AuthorAffiliation 5 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
1 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
2 Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Department of Pathology, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
3 Malaria Research and Training Center, Bamako, Mali
4 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
AuthorAffiliation_xml – name: 3 Malaria Research and Training Center, Bamako, Mali
– name: 1 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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– name: 4 Johns Hopkins University, Department of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Keywords Cytomegalovirus
Malaria
Urine viral load
Artemether-lumefantrine
Language English
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Snippet Highlights • CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area. • Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine. • Artemisinin-based therapy...
•CMV shedding is common in Mali, a malaria-endemic area.•Most children have low level of CMV shedding in the urine.•Artemisinin-based therapy for malaria may...
Artemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports; however, the...
BACKGROUNDArtemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports;...
Background Artemisinins, commonly used to treat malaria, have shown activity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) in vitro, in an animal model, and in case reports;...
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StartPage 40
SubjectTerms Allergy and Immunology
Artemether-lumefantrine
Artemisinins - therapeutic use
Child
Child, Preschool
Coinfection
Cytomegalovirus
Cytomegalovirus Infections - diagnosis
Cytomegalovirus Infections - virology
Drug Combinations
Ethanolamines - therapeutic use
Female
Fluorenes - therapeutic use
Follow-Up Studies
Humans
Infant
Infectious Disease
Malaria
Malaria - diagnosis
Malaria - drug therapy
Malaria - parasitology
Male
Parasite Load
Treatment Outcome
Urine viral load
Viral Load
Virus Shedding
Title Effect of artemether-lumefantrine (Coartem) on cytomegalovirus urine viral load during and following treatment for malaria in children
URI https://www.clinicalkey.es/playcontent/1-s2.0-S1386653216000676
https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcv.2016.02.006
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26895228
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1773428497
https://search.proquest.com/docview/1785244086
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PMC4792724
Volume 77
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