A non-linear connection between the total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio and stroke risk: a retrospective cohort study from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study

• Published in: European journal of medical research Vol. 29; no. 1; pp. 175 - 14
• Main Authors: Xiao, Binhui, Cao, Changchun, Han, Yong, Yang, Fangju, Hu, Haofei, Luo, Jiao
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 16.03.2024; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Blood pressure; Cardiovascular disease; Cholesterol; Chronic illnesses; Cohort analysis; Data collection; Disease control; Educational attainment; Exercise; Gender; Heart; Hemoglobin; High density lipoprotein; High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Hypertension; Interviews; Lipoproteins; Liver diseases; Longitudinal studies; Missing data; Nonlinearity; Questionnaires; Risk factors; Stroke; Stroke (Disease); Total cholesterol; Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio; Variables; China; Nonlinearity; Stroke; High-density lipoprotein cholesterol; Total cholesterol; Total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio
• ISSN: 2047-783X; 0949-2321; 2047-783X
• DOI: 10.1186/s40001-024-01769-9

The connection between total cholesterol to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TC/HDL-C) ratio and stroke risk is controversial. This study aims to examine the connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke in middle-aged and older individuals who are part of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). This study conducted a retrospective cohort analysis, enrolling a total of 10,184 participants who met the designated criteria from CHARLS between 2011 and 2012. We then used the Cox proportional-hazards regression model to analyze the relationship between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk. Using a Cox proportional hazards regression model with cubic spline functions and smooth curve fitting, we were able to identify the non-linear relationship between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke occurrence. The sensitivity and subgroup analyses were also performed to investigate the connection between TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke. This study revealed a statistically significant association between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk in subjects aged 45 years or older after adjusting for risk factors (HR: 1.05, 95%CI 1.00-1.10, P = 0.0410). Furthermore, a non-linear connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk was detected, with a TC/HDL-C ratio inflection point of 3.71. We identified a significant positive connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk, when the TC/HDL-C ratio was less than 3.71 (HR: 1.25, 95%CI 1.07-1.45, P = 0.0039). However, their connection was not significant when the TC/HDL-C ratio exceeded 3.71 (HR: 1.00, 95%CI 0.94-1.06, P = 0.9232). The sensitivity analysis and subgroup analyses revealed that our findings were well-robust. Our study demonstrated a positive, non-linear connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk in middle-aged and older individuals. There was a significant positive connection between the TC/HDL-C ratio and stroke risk, when the TC/HDL-C ratio was less than 3.71. The current research can be used as a guideline to support clinician consultation and optimize stroke prevention measures for middle-aged and older adults.