Cardiac arrhythmia detection using cross‐sample entropy measure based on short and long RR interval series

• Published in: Journal of arrhythmia Vol. 39; no. 3; pp. 412 - 421
• Main Authors: Sharma, Kanchan, Sunkaria, Ramesh Kumar
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Japan John Wiley & Sons, Inc 01.06.2023; John Wiley and Sons Inc; Wiley
• Subjects: Algorithms; Cardiac arrhythmia; cardiac arrhythmia detection; cross sample entropy; Electrocardiography; Entropy; Heart; irregularity; Measurement techniques; Original; Physiology; R‐R interval series; sample entropy; Time series; irregularity; R‐R interval series; cardiac arrhythmia detection; cross sample entropy; sample entropy
• ISSN: 1880-4276; 1883-2148
• DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12839

Background Accurate arrhythmia (atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF)) detection is still a challenge in the biomedical signal‐processing field. Different linear and nonlinear measures of the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal analysis are used to fix this problem. Methods Sample entropy (SampEn) is used as a nonlinear measure based on single series to detect healthy and arrhythmia subjects. To follow this measure, the proposed work presents a nonlinear technique, namely, the cross‐sample entropy (CrossSampEn) based on two series to quantify healthy and arrhythmia subjects. Results The research work consists of 10 records of normal sinus rhythm, 20 records of Fantasia (old group), 10 records of AF, and 10 records of CHF. The method of CrossSampEn has been proposed to obtain the irregularity between two same and different R–R (R peak to peak) interval series of different data lengths. Unlike the SampEn technique, the CrossSampEn technique never awards a ‘not defined’ value for very short data lengths and was found to be more consistent than SampEn. One‐way ANOVA test has validated the proposed algorithm by providing a large F value and p < .0001. The proposed algorithm is also verified by simulated data. Conclusions It is concluded that different RR interval series of approximate 1500 data points and same RR interval series of approximate 1000 data points are required for health‐status detection with embedded dimensions, M = 2 and threshold, r = .2. Also, CrossSampEn has been found more consistent than Sample entropy algorithm. The first step of the research work is to extract RR intervals are extracted from ECG signals and utilize pre‐processing techniques to banish outliers from data. The outlier‐free data is utilized to evaluate entropy. In the research work, linear interpolation is utilized to remove outliers. Entropy values indicate the detection of arrhythmia subjects.