Elevated body mass index is associated with executive dysfunction in otherwise healthy adults

• Published in: Comprehensive psychiatry Vol. 48; no. 1; pp. 57 - 61
• Main Authors: Gunstad, John, Paul, Robert H., Cohen, Ronald A., Tate, David F., Spitznagel, Mary Beth, Gordon, Evian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, NY Elsevier Inc 2007; Elsevier; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Anxiety Disorders - diagnosis; Anxiety Disorders - epidemiology; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Biological and medical sciences; Body Mass Index; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition Disorders - diagnosis; Cognition Disorders - epidemiology; Cognition. Intelligence; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - epidemiology; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Health Status; Humans; Intellectual and cognitive abilities; Male; Medical sciences; Metabolic diseases; Middle Aged; Neuropsychological Tests; Obesity; Obesity - diagnosis; Obesity - epidemiology; Prevalence; Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychology. Psychophysiology; Severity of Illness Index; Stress, Psychological - diagnosis; Stress, Psychological - epidemiology; Weight control; Human; Body mass index; Obesity; Executive function; Senescence; Cognitive disorder; Healthy subject; Nutrition disorder; Cognition; Age; Nutritional status; Overweight
• ISSN: 0010-440X; 1532-8384
• DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2006.05.001

There is growing evidence that obesity is linked to adverse neurocognitive outcome, including reduced cognitive functioning and Alzheimer disease. However, no study to date has determined whether the relationship between body mass index (BMI) and cognitive performance varies as a function of age. We examined attention and executive function in a cross-section of 408 healthy persons across the adult life span (20-82 years). Bivariate correlation showed that BMI was inversely related to performance on all cognitive tests. After controlling for possible confounding factors, overweight and obese adults (BMI > 25) exhibited poorer executive function test performance than normal weight adults (BMI, 18.5-24.9). No differences emerged in attention test performance, and there was no evidence of a BMI × age interaction for either cognitive domain. These results provide further evidence for the relationship between elevated BMI and reduced cognitive performance and suggest that this relationship does not vary with age. Further research is needed to identify the etiology of these deficits and whether they resolve after weight loss.