Hormone therapy at early post-menopause increases cognitive control-related prefrontal activity

• Published in: Scientific reports Vol. 7; no. 1; p. 44917
• Main Authors: Girard, Romuald, Météreau, Elise, Thomas, Julie, Pugeat, Michel, Qu, Chen, Dreher, Jean-Claude
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 21.03.2017; Nature Publishing Group
• Subjects: 17β-Estradiol; 631/378/2612; 631/378/2649/2150; Aged; Aging; Alzheimer's disease; Behavior; Brain mapping; Case-Control Studies; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition - drug effects; Cognitive ability; Correlation analysis; Dementia; Dementia disorders; Endocrine therapy; Estradiol - administration & dosage; Estrogens; Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Hormone Replacement Therapy; Humanities and Social Sciences; Humans; Life Sciences; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Menopause; Middle Aged; multidisciplinary; Neurodegenerative diseases; Other; Post-menopause; Postmenopause - drug effects; Prefrontal cortex; Prefrontal Cortex - diagnostic imaging; Prefrontal Cortex - drug effects; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Progesterone; Progesterone - administration & dosage; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; Science; Task analysis; Time-to-Treatment; Treatment Outcome; plasma progesterone; thérapie hormonale; ménopause; progestérone
• ISSN: 2045-2322; 2045-2322
• DOI: 10.1038/srep44917

Clinical data have been equivocal and controversial as to the benefits to the brain and cognition of hormone therapy (HT) in postmenopausal women. Recent reevaluation of the role of estrogens proposed that HT may effectively prevent the deleterious effects of aging on cognition, and reduces the risks of dementia, including Alzheimer’s disease, if initiated early at the beginning of menopause. Yet, little is known about the effects of HT on brain activation related to cognitive control, the ability to make flexible decisions in relation to internal goals. Here, we used fMRI to directly test for a modulation of sequential 17β estradiol (2 mg/day) plus oral progesterone (100 mg/day) on task switching-related brain activity in women at early postmenopause. The results showed that HT enhanced dorsolateral prefrontal cortex recruitment during task switching. Between-subjects correlation analyses revealed that women who engaged more the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex showed higher task switching performance after HT administration. These results suggest that HT, when taken early at the beginning of postmenopause, may have beneficial effect on cognitive control prefrontal mechanisms. Together, these findings demonstrate that HT can prevent the appearance of reduced prefrontal cortex activity, a neurophysiological measure observed both in healthy aging and early dementia.