Differential engagement of cognitive and affective neural systems in pediatric bipolar disorder and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

• Published in: Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society Vol. 16; no. 1; pp. 106 - 117
• Main Authors: PASSAROTTI, ALESSANDRA M., SWEENEY, JOHN A., PAVULURI, MANI N.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York, USA Cambridge University Press 01.01.2010
• Subjects: ADHD; Adolescent; Affect - physiology; Age; Attention; Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity - complications; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Bipolar; Bipolar disorder; Bipolar Disorder - complications; Brain Mapping; Cerebral Cortex - blood supply; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Child; Child & adolescent psychiatry; Cognition & reasoning; Cognition Disorders - etiology; Cognition Disorders - pathology; Color Perception - physiology; Comorbidity; Development; Emotion; Emotions; Female; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Guardians; Humans; Hyperactivity; Image Processing, Computer-Assisted - methods; Magnetic Resonance Imaging - methods; Male; Neuropsychological Tests; Oxygen - blood; Patients; Pediatrics; Photic Stimulation; Predictive Value of Tests; Reaction Time - physiology; Stroop; Teenagers; Bipolar; ADHD; Stroop; Attention; Adolescent; Development; Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI); Emotion; Child
• ISSN: 1355-6177; 1469-7661
• DOI: 10.1017/S1355617709991019

This fMRI study investigates the neural bases of cognitive control of emotion processing in pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Seventeen un-medicated PBD patients, 15 un-medicated ADHD patients, and 14 healthy controls (HC) (mean age = 13.78 ± 2.47) performed an emotional valence Stroop Task, requiring them to match the color of an emotionally valenced word to the color of either of two adjacent circles. Both patient groups responded significantly slower than HC, but there were no group differences in accuracy. A voxel-wise analysis of variance on brain activation revealed a significant interaction of group by word valence [F(2,41) = 4.44; p = .02]. Similar group differences were found for negative and positive words. For negative versus neutral words, both patient groups exhibited greater activation in dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) and parietal cortex relative to HC. The PBD group exhibited greater activation in ventrolateral prefrontal cortex (VLPFC) and anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) relative to HC. The ADHD group exhibited decreased VLPFC activation relative to HC and the PBD group. During cognitive control of emotion processing, PBD patients deployed the VLPFC to a greater extent than HC. The ADHD patients showed decreased VLPFC engagement relative to both HC and PBD patients. (JINS, 2010, 16, 106–117.)