Intestinal microbiota and ulcerative colitis

• Published in: Journal of infection and chemotherapy : official journal of the Japan Society of Chemotherapy Vol. 21; no. 11; pp. 761 - 768
• Main Authors: Ohkusa, Toshifumi, Koido, Shigeo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Netherlands Elsevier Ltd 01.11.2015
• Subjects: Bacteria; Bacteria - classification; Bacteria - isolation & purification; Colitis, Ulcerative - immunology; Colitis, Ulcerative - microbiology; Crohn's disease; Hematology, Oncology and Palliative Medicine; Humans; Immunity, Innate; Inflammatory bowel disease; Innate immunity; Intestinal microbiota; Intestines - immunology; Intestines - microbiology; Microbiota; Ulcerative colitis; Inflammatory bowel disease; Bacteria; Innate immunity; Crohn's disease; Intestinal microbiota; Ulcerative colitis
• ISSN: 1341-321X; 1437-7780
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jiac.2015.07.010

Abstract There is a close relationship between the human host and the intestinal microbiota, which is an assortment of microorganisms, protecting the intestine against colonization by exogenous pathogens. Moreover, the intestinal microbiota play a critical role in providing nutrition and the modulation of host immune homeostasis. Recent reports indicate that some strains of intestinal bacteria are responsible for intestinal ulceration and chronic inflammation in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) such as ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD). Understanding the interaction of the intestinal microbiota with pathogens and the human host might provide new strategies treating patients with IBD. This review focuses on the important role that the intestinal microbiota plays in maintaining innate immunity in the pathogenesis and etiology of UC and discusses new antibiotic therapies targeting the intestinal microbiota.