Complex genome evolution in Anopheles coluzzii associated with increased insecticide usage in Mali

• Published in: Molecular ecology Vol. 24; no. 20; pp. 5145 - 5157
• Main Authors: Main, Bradley J, Lee, Yoosook, Collier, Travis C, Norris, Laura C, Brisco, Katherine, Fofana, Abdrahamane, Cornel, Anthony J, Lanzaro, Gregory C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Blackwell Scientific Publications 01.10.2015; Blackwell Publishing Ltd; John Wiley and Sons Inc
• Subjects: Adaptation, Biological - genetics; adaptive introgression; alleles; Animals; Anopheles; Anopheles - genetics; Anopheles gambiae; DNA Copy Number Variations; epistasis; Evolution, Molecular; Evolutionary biology; extinction; Female; Gene Frequency; Gene Library; Genes, Insect; genetic background; Genetic diversity; genetic variation; Genetics, Population; Genomics; Genotype; Haplotypes; hybridization; insecticide resistance; Insecticide Resistance - genetics; Insecticides; introgression; kdr; malaria; malaria vector; Mali; Mosquitoes; Original; ORIGINAL ARTICLES; P450; pesticide application; phenotype; Sequence Analysis, DNA; X chromosome; X Chromosome - genetics; Mali; Anopheles; epistasis; malaria vector; kdr; P450; insecticide resistance; hybridization; adaptive introgression
• ISSN: 0962-1083; 1365-294X
• DOI: 10.1111/mec.13382

In certain cases, a species may have access to important genetic variation present in a related species via adaptive introgression. These novel alleles may interact with their new genetic background, resulting in unexpected phenotypes. In this study, we describe a selective sweep on standing variation on the X chromosome in the mosquito Anopheles coluzzii, a principal malaria vector in West Africa. This event may have been influenced by the recent adaptive introgression of the insecticide resistance gene known as kdr from the sister species Anopheles gambiae. Individuals carrying both kdr and a nearly fixed X‐linked haplotype, encompassing at least four genes including the P450 gene CYP9K1 and the cuticular protein CPR125, have rapidly increased in relative frequency. In parallel, a reproductively isolated insecticide‐susceptible A. gambiae population (Bamako form) has been driven to local extinction, likely due to strong selection from increased insecticide‐treated bed net usage.