Protein supplementation changes gut microbial diversity and derived metabolites in subjects with type 2 diabetes

• Published in: iScience Vol. 26; no. 8; p. 107471
• Main Authors: Attaye, Ilias, Lassen, Pierre Bel, Adriouch, Solia, Steinbach, Emilie, Patiño-Navarrete, Rafael, Davids, Mark, Alili, Rohia, Jacques, Flavien, Benzeguir, Sara, Belda, Eugeni, Nemet, Ina, Anderson, James T., Alexandre-Heymann, Laure, Greyling, Arno, Larger, Etienne, Hazen, Stanley L., van Oppenraaij, Sophie L., Tremaroli, Valentina, Beck, Katharina, Bergh, Per-Olof, Bäckhed, Fredrik, ten Brincke, Suzan P.M., Herrema, Hilde, Groen, Albert K., Pinto-Sietsma, Sara-Joan, Clément, Karine, Nieuwdorp, Max
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Elsevier Inc 18.08.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: Dietary supplement; Health sciences; Human metabolism; Microbiome; Nutrition and Dietetics; Näringslära och dietkunskap; Dietary supplement; Health sciences; Human metabolism; Microbiome
• ISSN: 2589-0042; 2589-0042
• DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.107471

High-protein diets are promoted for individuals with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, effects of dietary protein interventions on (gut-derived) metabolites in T2D remains understudied. We therefore performed a multi-center, randomized-controlled, isocaloric protein intervention with 151 participants following either 12-week high-protein (HP; 30Energy %, N = 78) vs. low-protein (LP; 10 Energy%, N = 73) diet. Primary objectives were dietary effects on glycemic control which were determined via glycemic excursions, continuous glucose monitors and HbA1c. Secondary objectives were impact of diet on gut microbiota composition and -derived metabolites which were determined by shotgun-metagenomics and mass spectrometry. Analyses were performed using delta changes adjusting for center, baseline, and kidney function when appropriate. This study found that a short-term 12-week isocaloric protein modulation does not affect glycemic parameters or weight in metformin-treated T2D. However, the HP diet slightly worsened kidney function, increased alpha-diversity, and production of potentially harmful microbiota-dependent metabolites, which may affect host metabolism upon prolonged exposure. [Display omitted] •Protein supplementation doesn’t change glycemic control in T2D patients•Gut microbial diversity increases with protein supplementation•Protein supplementation increases metabolites associated with cardiovascular risk•Increased metabolites include phenyl-acetylglutamine (PAGln) Dietary supplement; Health sciences; Human metabolism; Microbiome