Exploring Self-Supervised Vision Transformers for Gait Recognition in the Wild

• Published in: Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) Vol. 23; no. 5; p. 2680
• Main Authors: Cosma, Adrian, Catruna, Andy, Radoi, Emilian
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.03.2023; MDPI
• Subjects: Ablation; Benchmarking; biometric authentication; Biometrics; Computer vision; contrastive learning; Datasets; Deep learning; Gait; Gait Analysis; gait recognition; Humans; Machine learning; Methods; Physiological aspects; pose estimation; Recognition, Psychology; self-supervised learning; Surveillance; Vision research; vision transformer; Walking; Wildlife; Romania; contrastive learning; self-supervised learning; gait recognition; biometric authentication; vision transformer; pose estimation
• ISSN: 1424-8220; 1424-8220
• DOI: 10.3390/s23052680

The manner of walking (gait) is a powerful biometric that is used as a unique fingerprinting method, allowing unobtrusive behavioral analytics to be performed at a distance without subject cooperation. As opposed to more traditional biometric authentication methods, gait analysis does not require explicit cooperation of the subject and can be performed in low-resolution settings, without requiring the subject’s face to be unobstructed/clearly visible. Most current approaches are developed in a controlled setting, with clean, gold-standard annotated data, which powered the development of neural architectures for recognition and classification. Only recently has gait analysis ventured into using more diverse, large-scale, and realistic datasets to pretrained networks in a self-supervised manner. Self-supervised training regime enables learning diverse and robust gait representations without expensive manual human annotations. Prompted by the ubiquitous use of the transformer model in all areas of deep learning, including computer vision, in this work, we explore the use of five different vision transformer architectures directly applied to self-supervised gait recognition. We adapt and pretrain the simple ViT, CaiT, CrossFormer, Token2Token, and TwinsSVT on two different large-scale gait datasets: GREW and DenseGait. We provide extensive results for zero-shot and fine-tuning on two benchmark gait recognition datasets, CASIA-B and FVG, and explore the relationship between the amount of spatial and temporal gait information used by the visual transformer. Our results show that in designing transformer models for processing motion, using a hierarchical approach (i.e., CrossFormer models) on finer-grained movement fairs comparatively better than previous whole-skeleton approaches.