Unpacking Self-Rated Health and Quality of Life in Older Adults and Elderly in India: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach

• Published in: Social indicators research Vol. 117; no. 1; pp. 105 - 119
• Main Authors: Hirve, Siddhivinayak, Oud, Johan H. L., Sambhudas, Somnath, Juvekar, Sanjay, Blomstedt, Yulia, Tollman, Stephen, Wall, Stig, Ng, Nawi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Dordrecht Springer 01.05.2014; Springer Netherlands; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Activities of daily living; Adults; Age; Aged; Aging (Individuals); Aging problems. Death; Behavioral Sciences; Biological and medical sciences; Chronic diseases; Chronic Illness; Chronic illnesses; Depression (Psychology); Disabilities; Diseases; Economic Status; Economics; Elderly; Epidemiology; Ethics; Functional ability; Health; Health care; Health Conditions; Health Problems; Health Programs; Health surveillance; Human Geography; Illness; Income; India; Interpersonal Relationship; Low income groups; Marital stability; Medical sciences; Microeconomics; Mobility; Networking; Older Adults; Older people; Personal health; Physical Health; Predictor Variables; Public Health; Public health. Hygiene-occupational medicine; Quality of Life; Quality of Life Research; Questionnaires; Risk taking; Rural areas; Self-rated health; Social Capital; Social Class; Social Experience; Social Integration; Social networking; Social Networks; Social research; Social Sciences; Socioeconomic factors; Socioeconomic Status; Socioeconomics; Sociology; Sociology of the family. Age groups; Structural equation modeling; Studies; Surveillance; Wellbeing; India; India, Maharashtra, Pune Dist; Self-rated health; Structural equation modelling; Functional ability; Social networking; Quality of life; Rural Areas; Public Health; Structural equation modeling; Health; Elderly person; Quality of Life; Social network; Elderly
• ISSN: 0303-8300; 1573-0921; 1573-0921
• DOI: 10.1007/s11205-013-0334-7

The Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) aims at improving empirical understanding of the health and well-being of older adults in low- and middle-income countries. A total of 321 adults aged 50 years and older were interviewed in rural Pune district, India, in 2007. We used Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) to examine the pathways through which social factors, functional disability, risk behaviours, and chronic disease experience influence self-rated health (SRH) and quality of life (QOL) amongst older adults in India. Both SRH and QOL worsened with increased age (indirect effect) and limitations in functional ability (direct effect). QOL, socio-economic status (SES), and social networking had no significant effect on SRH. Smoking was associated with the presence of at least one chronic illness, but this did not have a statistically significant effect on SRH. Higher social networking was seen amongst the better educated and those with regular income, which in turn positively affected the QOL rating. QOL had a direct, but statistically not significant, effect on SRH. In conclusion, the indirect effects of age on SRH mediated through functional ability, and the effects of SES on QOL mediated through social networking, provide new understanding of how age and socio-economic status affect SRH and QOL. By allowing for measurement errors, solving for collinearity in predictor variables by integrating them into measurement models, and specifying causal dependencies between the underlying latent constructs, SEM provides a strong link between theory and empirics.