A Systematic Review of Sleep-Wake Disorder Diagnostic Criteria Reliability Studies

• Published in: Biomedicines Vol. 10; no. 7; p. 1616
• Main Authors: Gauld, Christophe, Lopez, Régis, Philip, Pierre, Taillard, Jacques, Morin, Charles M, Geoffroy, Pierre Alexis, Micoulaud-Franchi, Jean-Arthur
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 06.07.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: Classification; Clinical significance; Cohen’s kappa coefficient; Diagnosis; field trial; Interviews; Kappa coefficient; Life Sciences; Medicine; Mental disorders; Patients; reliability; Reviews; Sleep and wakefulness; Sleep disorders; sleep–wake disorders; Systematic Review; sleep–wake disorders; Cohen’s kappa coefficient; clinical significance; systematic review; reliability; field trial
• ISSN: 2227-9059; 2227-9059
• DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10071616

The aim of this article is to provide a systematic review of reliability studies of the sleep-wake disorder diagnostic criteria of the international classifications used in sleep medicine. Electronic databases (ubMed (1946-2021) and Web of Science (-2021)) were searched up to December 2021 for studies computing the Cohen's kappa coefficient of diagnostic criteria for the main sleep-wake disorder categories described in the principal classifications. Cohen's kappa coefficients were extracted for each main sleep-wake disorder category, for each classification subtype, and for the different types of methods used to test the degree of agreement about a diagnosis. The database search identified 383 studies. Fifteen studies were analyzed in this systematic review. Insomnia disorder (10/15) and parasomnia disorder (7/15) diagnostic criteria were the most studied. The reliability of all sleep-wake disorders presented a Cohen's kappa with substantial agreement (Cohen's kappa mean = 0.66). The two main reliability methods identified were "test-retest reliability" (11/15), principally used for International Classification of Sleep Disorders (ICSD), and "joint interrater reliability" (4/15), principally used for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) subtype diagnostic criteria, in particularl, the DSM-5. The implications in terms of the design of the methods used to test the degree of agreement about a diagnosis in sleep medicine are discussed.