Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in peri-implant diseases: systematic review and meta-analysis

• Published in: BMC oral health Vol. 23; no. 1; p. 420
• Main Authors: Oliveira, Jovânia Alves, de Oliveira Alves, Roberta, Nascimento, Isabella Mazarelo, Hidalgo, Marco Antonio Rimachi, Scarel-Caminaga, Raquel Mantuaneli, Cristina Pigossi, Suzane
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England BioMed Central Ltd 24.06.2023; BioMed Central; BMC
• Subjects: Analysis; Anti-inflammatory drugs; Bone resorption; Care and treatment; Cytokines; Dental implants; Dental Implants - adverse effects; Diagnosis; Dosage and administration; Edentulism; Gingival Crevicular Fluid - chemistry; Health aspects; Humans; Implant dentures; Interleukin-6 - analysis; Interleukins; Osteoclasts (Biology); Osteogenesis; Peri-Implantitis; Quality of life; Brazil; Bone resorption; Peri-implantitis; Cytokines; Dental implants
• ISSN: 1472-6831; 1472-6831
• DOI: 10.1186/s12903-023-03072-1

Pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines are acknowledged, during inflammatory bone destruction, as key regulators of osteoclast and osteoblast differentiation and activity. However, evidence regarding the exact role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in peri-implant diseases is unclear. We aimed to execute a systematic review and meta-analysis about the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors levels in peri-implant diseases. The focused question was elaborated to summarize the levels of pro-and anti-inflammatory cytokines and osteoclastogenesis-related factors in tissue samples (mRNA) and biofluids (protein levels) of patients with/without peri-implant diseases. Electronic searches of the PubMed, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, Web of Science, EMBASE, Scopus and Google scholar databases were conducted for publications up to March 2023. Meta-analysis evaluating the mediator´s levels (protein levels by ELISA) in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) were made. The effect size was estimated and reported as the mean difference. The 95% confidence interval was estimated for each mediator, and the pooled effect was determined significant if two-sided p-values < 0.05 were obtained. Twenty-two publications were included in the systematic review (qualitative analysis), with nine of these subjected to meta-analyses (quantitative analysis). In the qualitative analysis, higher pro-inflammatory cytokines [Interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6] and pro-osteoclastogenic mediator [Receptor Activator of Nuclear Factor-Kappa B ligand (RANKL)] levels were observed in PICF of individuals with peri-implant diseases in comparison to healthy individuals. Higher RANKL/osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratios were observed in PICF from individuals with peri-implant diseases in comparison to healthy individuals. Meta-analysis showed higher RANKL levels in diseased groups compared to controls. The results showed that the levels of IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, and RANKL/OPG are not balanced in peri-implant disease, suggesting that these mediators are involved in the host osteo-immunoinflammatory response related to peri-implantitis.