Emergence of Salmon Gill Poxvirus

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 14; no. 12; p. 2701
• Main Authors: Tartor, Haitham, Dahle, Maria K, Gulla, Snorre, Weli, Simon C, Gjessing, Mona C
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 01.12.2022; MDPI
• Subjects: anaemia; Anemia; Animals; Apoptosis; Autopsies; Blood; Care and treatment; Chordopoxvirinae; circulatory disturbance; Control; Diagnosis; Diseases; DNA viruses; Epidemics; epithelial barrier; Epstein-Barr virus; Farms; fish; Fish Diseases; Fish hatcheries; Genetic aspects; Genomes; Gills; Growth; Identification and classification; Immune system; Infections; Mortality; Pathogens; Poxviridae - genetics; red blood cells; respiratory disease; Respiratory diseases; Respiratory tract diseases; Review; Risk factors; Salmo salar; Salmon; Spleen; Norway; red blood cells; viral transmission; anaemia; epithelial barrier; immune response; respiratory disease; circulatory disturbance; fish; live rigor
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v14122701

The Salmon gill poxvirus (SGPV) has emerged in recent years as the cause of an acute respiratory disease that can lead to high mortality in farmed Atlantic salmon presmolts, known as Salmon gill poxvirus disease. SGPV was first identified in Norway in the 1990s, and its large DNA genome, consisting of over 206 predicted protein-coding genes, was characterized in 2015. This review summarizes current knowledge relating to disease manifestation and its effects on the host immune system and describes dissemination of the virus. It also demonstrates how newly established molecular tools can help us to understand SGPV and its pathogenesis. Finally, we conclude and ask some burning questions that should be addressed in future research.