The presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) in placenta and/or cord blood might result in Th2 polarization

• Published in: European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases Vol. 36; no. 8; pp. 1491 - 1503
• Main Authors: Koskimaa, H.-M., Paaso, A., Welters, M. J. P., Grénman, S., Syrjänen, K., van der Burg, S. H., Syrjänen, S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.08.2017; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adults; Amino acid sequence; Antibodies; Antigens, Viral - immunology; Biomedical and Life Sciences; Biomedicine; Blood; Cell Proliferation; Cell-mediated immunity; Child; Child, Preschool; Children; Cord blood; Cytokines; Cytokines - secretion; Deoxyribonucleic acid; DNA; Family studies; Female; Fetal Blood - virology; Finland; Follow-Up Studies; Foxp3 protein; Human papillomavirus; Human papillomavirus 16 - immunology; Human papillomavirus 16 - isolation & purification; Humans; Immunity; Infant; Infant, Newborn; Interferon; Interleukin 10; Interleukin 2; Interleukin 4; Interleukin 5; Internal Medicine; Lesions; Leukocytes (mononuclear); Longitudinal Studies; Lymphocytes T; Male; Maternal-Fetal Exchange; Medical Microbiology; Mouth - virology; Original; Original Article; Peripheral blood mononuclear cells; Placenta; Placenta - virology; Polarization; Pregnancy; Prenatal experience; Proteins; Th2 Cells - immunology; Tumor necrosis factor; Umbilical cord; Cord Blood; Median Fluorescence Intensity; Lymphocyte Stimulation Test; Peptide Pool; HPV16 Peptide
• ISSN: 0934-9723; 1435-4373
• DOI: 10.1007/s10096-017-2958-z

The purpose of this study was to evaluate if an early exposure to human papillomavirus (HPV) during the prenatal period or infancy could result in HPV16-specific T helper (Th) responses resembling those of adults with HPV-induced lesions. We tested HPV16-specific cell-mediated immunity (CMI) in children born with HPV-positive umbilical cord blood and/or placenta or having persistent oral HPV infection and in constantly oral HPV-negative controls. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells from 33 children from the Finnish HPV Family Study cohort (mean age 14.7 years) were stimulated with peptide pools covering the amino acid sequence of the HPV16 E2, E6, and E7 proteins. Lymphocyte proliferation, secretion of cytokines (IFN-γ, TNF-α, IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-10, IL-17A), and the frequency of Foxp3+ regulatory T-cells were determined in relation to the HPV DNA status during a 14-year follow-up. 73.6% of cases and 85.7% of controls responded against HPV16 E2, while reactivity against E6 was found in 10.5 and 35.7%, respectively. The proliferative response against E6 and E7 was more frequent in controls than in cases ( p  = 0.047). No HPV16-specific CMI response or antibodies were detected in two children with persistent oral HPV16. The profiles of induced cytokines indicated higher levels of IL-5, IL-10, and IL-17A in children with HPV DNA in placenta and/or cord blood than in other children. HPV16-specific CMI is common in HPV DNA-negative children. The cytokine profile in children infected with HPV16 during early life suggests that the viral dose and/or specific environment created by the placenta may have significant impact on the type of HPV-specific immunity.