Eosinophil ETosis and DNA Traps: a New Look at Eosinophilic Inflammation

The traditional paradigm of eosinophils as end-stage damaging cells has mainly relied on their release of cytotoxic proteins. Cytokine-induced cell survival and secretion of granular contents from tissue-dwelling eosinophil are thought to be important mechanisms for eosinophilic inflammatory disorde...

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Published inCurrent Allergy and Asthma Reports Vol. 16; no. 8; p. 54
Main Authors Ueki, Shigeharu, Tokunaga, Takahiro, Fujieda, Shigeharu, Honda, Kohei, Hirokawa, Makoto, Spencer, Lisa A., Weller, Peter F.
Format Journal Article Book Review
LanguageEnglish
Published New York Springer US 01.07.2016
Springer Nature B.V
Subjects
Allergology
Eosinophils - immunology
Eosinophils - pathology
Extracellular Traps - immunology
Humans
Inflammation - immunology
Inflammation - pathology
Medicine
Medicine & Public Health
Otitis (D Skoner
Section Editor
Topical Collection on Otitis
Cytolysis
DNA traps
Eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis
Neutrophils
Eosinophils
ETosis
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Summary:The traditional paradigm of eosinophils as end-stage damaging cells has mainly relied on their release of cytotoxic proteins. Cytokine-induced cell survival and secretion of granular contents from tissue-dwelling eosinophil are thought to be important mechanisms for eosinophilic inflammatory disorders, although the occurrence of cytolysis and its products (i.e., free extracellular granules) has been observed in affected lesions. Recent evidence indicates that activated eosinophils can exhibit a non-apoptotic cell death pathway, namely extracellular trap cell death (ETosis) that mediates the eosinophil cytolytic degranulation. Here, we discuss the current concept of eosinophil ETosis which provides a new look at eosinophilic inflammation. Lessons from eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis revealed that ETosis-derived DNA traps, composed of stable web-like chromatin, contribute to the properties of highly viscous eosinophilic mucin and impairments in its clearance. Intact granules entrapped in DNA traps are causing long-lasting inflammation but also might have immunoregulatory roles. Eosinophils possess a way to have post-postmortem impacts on innate immunity, local immune response, sterile inflammation, and tissue damage.
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ISSN:1529-7322
1534-6315
DOI:10.1007/s11882-016-0634-5