Functional connectivity studies in migraine: what have we learned?

• Published in: Journal of headache and pain Vol. 20; no. 1; pp. 108 - 10
• Main Authors: Skorobogatykh, Kirill, van Hoogstraten, Willem Sebastiaan, Degan, Diana, Prischepa, Anastasia, Savitskaya, Anastasya, Ileen, Biondo Michela, Bentivegna, Enrico, Skiba, Iaroslav, D’Acunto, Laura, Ferri, Livia, Sacco, Simona, Hansen, Jakob Møller, Amin, Faisal Mohammad
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Milan Springer Milan 20.11.2019; Springer Nature B.V; BMC
• Subjects: Adult; Amygdala; Amygdala - physiopathology; Caudate nucleus; Cerebellum; Cerebral Cortex - physiopathology; Executive function; Female; Functional connectivity; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Headache; Hot topics in headache and pain from the EHF-SAS; Humans; Hypothalamus; Hypothalamus - physiopathology; Internal Medicine; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Migraine; Migraine Disorders - physiopathology; Neostriatum; Neuroimaging; Neurology; Nucleus accumbens; Occipital lobe; Pain Medicine; Pathology; Physiology; Prefrontal cortex; Prefrontal Cortex - physiopathology; Reproducibility of Results; Resting-state fMRI; Review; Review Article; Somatosensory cortex; Thalamus; Thalamus - physiopathology; Visual cortex; Functional connectivity; Neuroimaging; Resting-state fMRI; Headache; Migraine
• ISSN: 1129-2369; 1129-2377; 1129-2377
• DOI: 10.1186/s10194-019-1047-3

Background Resting-state functional connectivity (FC) MRI has widely been used to understand migraine pathophysiology and to identify an imaging marker of the disorder. Here, we review what we have learned from FC studies. Methods We performed a literature search on the PubMed website for original articles reporting data obtained from conventional resting-state FC recording in migraine patients compared with healthy controls or during and outside of migraine attacks in the same patients. Results We found 219 articles and included 28 in this review after screening for inclusion and exclusion criteria. Twenty-five studies compared migraine patients with healthy controls, whereas three studies investigated migraine patients during and outside of attacks. In the studies of interictal migraine more alterations of more than 20 FC networks (including amygdala, caudate nucleus, central executive, cerebellum, cuneus, dorsal attention network, default mode, executive control, fronto-parietal, hypothalamus, insula, neostriatum, nucleus accumbens, occipital lobe, periaqueductal grey, prefrontal cortex, salience, somatosensory cortex I, thalamus and visual) were reported. We found a poor level of reproducibility and no migraine specific pattern across these studies. Conclusion Based on the findings in the present review, it seems very difficult to extract knowledge of migraine pathophysiology or to identify a biomarker of migraine. There is an unmet need of guidelines for resting-state FC studies in migraine, which promote the use of homogenous terminology, public availability of protocol and the a priori hypothesis in line with for instance randomized clinical trial guidelines.