The influence of natural body sway on neuromuscular responses to an unpredictable surface translation

• Published in: Experimental brain research Vol. 174; no. 1; pp. 19 - 28
• Main Authors: TOKUNO, Craig D, CARPENTER, Mark G, THORSTENSSON, Alf, CRESSWELL, Andrew G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin Springer 01.09.2006; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Adult; Biological and medical sciences; Data Interpretation, Statistical; Electromyography; Female; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Humans; Leg - innervation; Leg - physiology; Male; Medicin och hälsovetenskap; Motor control and motor pathways. Reflexes. Control centers of vegetative functions. Vestibular system and equilibration; Muscle Contraction - physiology; Muscle, Skeletal - innervation; Muscle, Skeletal - physiology; Postural Balance - physiology; Posture - physiology; Proprioception - physiology; Somesthesis and somesthetic pathways (proprioception, exteroception, nociception); interoception; electrolocation. Sensory receptors; Vertebrates: nervous system and sense organs; Human; Translation; Body movement; Electrophysiology; Lower limb; Electromyography; Muscle; Perturbation; Balance, Perturbation; Human, Posture; Posture
• ISSN: 0014-4819; 1432-1106; 1432-1106
• DOI: 10.1007/s00221-006-0414-x

Previous research has shown that the postural configuration adopted by a subject, such as active leaning, influences the postural response to an unpredictable support surface translation. While those studies have examined large differences in postural conditions, it is of additional interest to examine the effects of naturally occurring changes in standing posture. Thus, it was hypothesized that the normal postural sway observed during quiet standing would affect the responses to an unpredictable support surface translation. Seventeen young adults stood quietly on a moveable platform and were perturbed in either the forward or backward direction when the location of the center of pressure (COP) was either 1.5 standard deviations anterior or posterior to the mean baseline COP signal. Postural responses, in the form of electromyographic (EMG) latencies and amplitudes, were recorded from lower limb and trunk muscles. When the location of the COP at the time of the translation was in the opposite, as compared to the same, direction as the upcoming translation, there was a significantly earlier onset of the antagonists (10-23%, i.e. 15-45 ms) and a greater EMG amplitude (14-39%) in four of the six recorded muscles. Stepping responses were most frequently observed during trials where the position of the COP was opposite to the direction of the translation. The results support the hypothesis that postural responses to unpredictable support surface translations are influenced by the normal movements of postural sway. The results may help to explain the large variability of postural responses found between past studies.