Phenotypic changes of Trichinella spiralis treated by Commiphora molmol,Lepidium sativum, and Albendazole: in vitro study

• Published in: Helminthologia Vol. 59; no. 1; pp. 37 - 45
• Main Authors: Abuelenain, G. L., Fahmy, Z. H., Elshennawy, A. M., Selim, E. H. A., Elhakeem, M., Hassanein, K. M. A., Awad, S. M.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Germany Sciendo 04.05.2022; Walter de Gruyter GmbH
• Subjects: Albendazole; auxiliary drug; Carnivores; Chemical compounds; Commiphora; Complimentary drug; Design of experiments; Disease transmission; Drug development; Drug discovery; Drugs; Experimental design; garden cress; Gardens & gardening; Herbal medicine; In vivo methods and tests; Incubation period; Larvae; Lethal effects; Muscles; myrrh; Nematodes; Omnivores; Parasites; Pharmacology; Plant extracts; Scanning electron microscopy; Survival; Time dependence; trichinella spiralis; Trichinellosis; Worms; Complimentary drug; garden cress; myrrh; albendazole; Trichinella spiralis; auxiliary drug; Drug discovery
• ISSN: 0440-6605; 1336-9083; 1336-9083
• DOI: 10.2478/helm-2022-0005

Trichinellosis is a nematode-causing disease distinguished by its continuous transmission in the carnivores and omnivores. Despite effective eradication of the enteral forms, conventional drugs fail to eliminate the migrating and muscle ones. Over the past years, researchers intensified the work on herbal medicines as alternatives or aids to albendazole, the reference drug. This research hypothesizes that the therapeutic agent absorption route could be an evidence-based carrier molecule or auxiliary drug to albendazole. Accordingly, this study was designed to investigate mainly the phenotypic changes induced by a mono-treatment of albendazole, (garden cress), and (myrrh). Incredibly, no data were reported on the morphological alterations of larvae treated by any of these drugs. The experimental design tested various concentrations (25, 50, 100, and 200 μg/ml) of each herbal medicine for the lethal effects on the parasite forms for a day (1, 12, and 24h). The data showed that the highest significant mortality rate of the parasite forms was in favor of the concentration 200 μg/ml of both plant extracts in a time-dependent manner. Therefore, albendazole at 200 μg/ml dose was tested in parallel, and all experimental groups were compared to non-treated muscle larvae and worms. Albendazole-treated worms accounted for the least significant ( ) survival rate (2 %), followed by myrrh (5 %), and the adverse was valid for the survival rate of the muscle larvae at that time. None of the larvae/worms was alive after 24 hours of incubation with the 200μg/ml of either treatment. The scanning electron microscope investigation of the experimental groups provided a shred of evidence for different routes of taking up the candidate drugs by the parasite. In conclusion, the results of the previous work and current study recommend myrrh over garden cress as a complementary agent of albendazole.