The cytokine network involved in the host immune response to periodontitis

• Published in: International journal of oral science Vol. 11; no. 3; pp. 30 - 13
• Main Authors: Pan, Weiyi, Wang, Qingxuan, Chen, Qianming
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: London Nature Publishing Group UK 05.11.2019; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: 631/80/304; 692/699/3020/3029; Alveolar bone; Alveolar Bone Loss - etiology; Bone loss; Cytokines; Cytokines - metabolism; Cytokines - physiology; Dentistry; Dysbacteriosis; Gum disease; Humans; Immune response; Inflammation; Inflammatory diseases; Medicine; Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery; Oral cavity; Orthopedics; Osteoclasts; Periodontal Diseases; Periodontitis; Periodontitis - immunology; Periodontitis - microbiology; Review; Review Article; Surgical Orthopedics; Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha - physiology
• ISSN: 1674-2818; 2049-3169; 2049-3169
• DOI: 10.1038/s41368-019-0064-z

Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease involving the destruction of both soft and hard tissue in the periodontal region. Although dysbiosis of the local microbial community initiates local inflammation, over-activation of the host immune response directly activates osteoclastic activity and alveolar bone loss. Many studies have reported on the cytokine network involved in periodontitis and its crucial and pleiotropic effect on the recruitment of specific immunocytes, control of pathobionts and induction or suppression of osteoclastic activity. Nonetheless, particularities in the stimulation of pathogens in the oral cavity that lead to the specific and complex periodontal cytokine network are far from clarified. Thus, in this review, we begin with an up-to-date aetiological hypothesis of periodontal disease and summarize the roles of cytokines in the host immune response. In addition, we also summarize the latest cytokine-related therapeutic measures for periodontal disease.