Factors affecting offspring survival and development in a cooperative bird: social, maternal and environmental effects

• Published in: The Journal of animal ecology Vol. 76; no. 4; pp. 750 - 760
• Main Author: RIDLEY, A.R
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.07.2007; British Ecological Society; Blackwell Publishing Ltd; Blackwell
• Subjects: Animal and plant ecology; Animal behavior; Animal ecology; Animal, plant and microbial ecology; Animals; Arabian babbler; Aves; Behavior, Animal; Biological and medical sciences; Biomass; Birds; Birds - growth & development; Birds - physiology; Breeding; Cooperation; Cooperative Behavior; cooperative breeding; Ecology; Female; Female animals; Foraging; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; General aspects; Hatching; helpers; Helping Behavior; Male; Maternal effect; maternal effects; Nesting Behavior - physiology; offspring survival and development; Population Dynamics; Population Ecology; Reproduction - physiology; Reproductive success; social effects; Survival; Survival analysis; Time Factors; Turdoides squamiceps; Vertebrates: general zoology, morphology, phylogeny, systematics, cytogenetics, geographical distribution; Young animals; helpers; Turdoides squamiceps; offspring survival and development; Survival; Non breeding adult; Vertebrata; Cooperative breeding; Arabian babbler; social effects; maternal effects; Development; Maternal effect; Aves
• ISSN: 0021-8790; 1365-2656
• DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2656.2007.01248.x

1. In many noncooperative vertebrates, maternal effects commonly influence offspring survival and development. In cooperative vertebrates, where multiple adults help to raise young from a single brood, social effects may reduce or replace maternal effects on offspring. 2. Factors affecting offspring survival and development at different stages (fledging, nutritional independence and adulthood) were tested in the cooperatively breeding Arabian babbler to determine the relative importance of social, maternal and environmental factors at each stage. An influence of maternal effects was found during the nestling stage only. 3. Social factors affected the survival and development of young at all stages. The amount of food received from helpers influenced post-fledging weight gain, development of foraging skills, and survival to reproductive age. Environmental effects were also important, with groups occupying high-quality territories more likely to produce young that survived to maturity. 4. The strong influence of helper contributions on the survival and development of young at all stages from hatching to maturity suggests social factors may have important long-term effects on offspring fitness in cooperative societies. Traditional measures of offspring survival in cooperative birds, which commonly measure survival to fledging age only, may underestimate the significant benefit of helper contributions on the survival and development of young.