The Effect of Short-Term Dietary Fructose Supplementation on Gastric Emptying Rate and Gastrointestinal Hormone Responses in Healthy Men

• Published in: Nutrients Vol. 9; no. 3; p. 258
• Main Authors: Yau, Adora M W, McLaughlin, John, Maughan, Ronald J, Gilmore, William, Evans, Gethin H
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 10.03.2017; MDPI
• Subjects: Adult; Appetite; Blood Glucose - metabolism; Body Mass Index; Cross-Over Studies; Dietary Supplements; Emptying; Fructose; Fructose - administration & dosage; Fructose - blood; fructose supplementation; Gastric emptying; Gastric Emptying - drug effects; gastrointestinal adaptation; gastrointestinal hormones; Gastrointestinal Hormones - blood; Ghrelin; GIP protein; Glucagon; Glucagon-like peptide 1; Glucose; Glucose - administration & dosage; Humans; Ingestion; Insulin; Insulin - metabolism; Lactic acid; Lactic Acid - blood; Leptin; Male; Postprandial Period - drug effects; Single-Blind Method; sugar ingestion; Test procedures; Triglycerides; Triglycerides - blood; Young Adult; glucose; gastrointestinal hormones; gastrointestinal adaptation; fructose; sugar ingestion; gastric emptying; fructose supplementation
• ISSN: 2072-6643; 2072-6643
• DOI: 10.3390/nu9030258

This study aimed to examine gastric emptying rate and gastrointestinal hormone responses to fructose and glucose ingestion following 3 days of dietary fructose supplementation. Using the C-breath test method, gastric emptying rates of equicaloric fructose and glucose solutions were measured in 10 healthy men with prior fructose supplementation (fructose supplement, FS; glucose supplement, GS) and without prior fructose supplementation (fructose control, FC; glucose control, GC). In addition, circulating concentrations of acylated ghrelin (GHR), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP), and insulin were determined, as well as leptin, lactate, and triglycerides. Increased dietary fructose ingestion resulted in accelerated gastric emptying rate of a fructose solution but not a glucose solution. No differences in GIP, GLP-1, or insulin incremental area under curve (iAUC) were found between control and supplement trials for either fructose or glucose ingestion. However, a trend for lower ghrelin iAUC was observed for FS compared to FC. In addition, a trend of lower GHR concentration was observed at 45 min for FS compared to FC and GHR concentration for GS was greater than GC at 10 min. The accelerated gastric emptying rate of fructose following short-term supplementation with fructose may be partially explained by subtle changes in delayed postprandial ghrelin suppression.