Experience transforms crossmodal object representations in the anterior temporal lobes

• Published in: eLife Vol. 13
• Main Authors: Li, Aedan Yue, Ladyka-Wojcik, Natalia, Qazilbash, Heba, Golestani, Ali, Walther, Dirk B, Martin, Chris B, Barense, Morgan D
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England eLife Science Publications, Ltd 22.04.2024; eLife Sciences Publications Ltd; eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd
• Subjects: Acoustic Stimulation; Adult; Auditory Perception - physiology; Behavior; Brain Mapping; concept learning; Cortex (perirhinal); Cross-modal; crossmodal binding problem; crossmodal object representations; Experiments; Female; Form perception; Functional magnetic resonance imaging; Humans; integrative coding; Learning - physiology; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Male; Medical imaging; multi-echo fMRI; Neuroimaging; Neuroscience; Pattern recognition; Perirhinal Cortex - physiology; Photic Stimulation; Physiological aspects; Psychological research; Senses; Sensory integration; Somatosensory cortex; Sound; Temporal lobe; Temporal Lobe - diagnostic imaging; Temporal Lobe - physiology; Temporal lobes; unimodal features; Visual Perception - physiology; Young Adult; China; Canada; integrative coding; concept learning; neuroscience; crossmodal object representations; multi-echo fMRI; crossmodal binding problem; human; unimodal features
• ISSN: 2050-084X; 2050-084X
• DOI: 10.7554/eLife.83382

Combining information from multiple senses is essential to object recognition, core to the ability to learn concepts, make new inferences, and generalize across distinct entities. Yet how the mind combines sensory input into coherent crossmodal representations - the - remains poorly understood. Here, we applied multi-echo fMRI across a 4-day paradigm, in which participants learned three-dimensional crossmodal representations created from well-characterized unimodal visual shape and sound features. Our novel paradigm decoupled the learned crossmodal object representations from their baseline unimodal shapes and sounds, thus allowing us to track the emergence of crossmodal object representations as they were learned by healthy adults. Critically, we found that two anterior temporal lobe structures - temporal pole and perirhinal cortex - differentiated learned from non-learned crossmodal objects, even when controlling for the unimodal features that composed those objects. These results provide evidence for integrated crossmodal object representations in the anterior temporal lobes that were different from the representations for the unimodal features. Furthermore, we found that perirhinal cortex representations were by default biased toward visual shape, but this initial visual bias was attenuated by crossmodal learning. Thus, crossmodal learning transformed perirhinal representations such that they were no longer predominantly grounded in the visual modality, which may be a mechanism by which object concepts gain their abstraction.