Neuronal Discharges and Gamma Oscillations Explicitly Reflect Visual Consciousness in the Lateral Prefrontal Cortex

• Published in: Neuron (Cambridge, Mass.) Vol. 74; no. 5; pp. 924 - 935
• Main Authors: Panagiotaropoulos, Theofanis I., Deco, Gustavo, Kapoor, Vishal, Logothetis, Nikos K.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 07.06.2012; Elsevier Limited
• Subjects: Action Potentials - physiology; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Attention - physiology; Binocular vision; Brain; Brain Mapping; Consciousness; Consciousness - physiology; Cortex (prefrontal); Cortex (temporal); Cortex (visual); Electrophysiological recording; Evoked Potentials, Visual - physiology; Firing pattern; Functional Laterality; Macaca; Macaca mulatta; Neural Inhibition - physiology; Neurons; Neurons - physiology; Oscillations; Photic Stimulation; Prefrontal Cortex - cytology; Prefrontal Cortex - physiology; Primates; Studies; Temporal lobe; Visual perception; Visual Perception - physiology; Visual stimuli
• ISSN: 0896-6273; 1097-4199
• DOI: 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.04.013

Neuronal discharges in the primate temporal lobe, but not in the striate and extrastriate cortex, reliably reflect stimulus awareness. However, it is not clear whether visual consciousness should be uniquely localized in the temporal association cortex. Here we used binocular flash suppression to investigate whether visual awareness is also explicitly reflected in feature-selective neural activity of the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC), a cortical area reciprocally connected to the temporal lobe. We show that neuronal discharges in the majority of single units and recording sites in the LPFC follow the phenomenal perception of a preferred stimulus. Furthermore, visual awareness is reliably reflected in the power modulation of high-frequency (>50 Hz) local field potentials in sites where spiking activity is found to be perceptually modulated. Our results suggest that the activity of neuronal populations in at least two association cortical areas represents the content of conscious visual perception. ► Single- and multiunit discharges reflect visual consciousness in the macaque LPFC ► Gamma (>50 Hz) power reflects visual consciousness in the macaque LPFC ► Subliminal spiking activity reflects weak traces of nonconscious processing Ambiguous visual stimulation provides a window into the neural correlates of visual consciousness. Panagiotaropoulos et al. show that neuronal discharges and gamma oscillations in the macaque lateral prefrontal cortex during rivalrous visual stimulation reflect the content of subjective visual perception.