Glomerular Antibodies in Lupus Nephritis

• Published in: Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology Vol. 40; no. 3; pp. 151 - 158
• Main Authors: Hanrotel-Saliou, Catherine, Segalen, Isabelle, Le Meur, Yannick, Youinou, Pierre, Renaudineau, Yves
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: New York Humana Press Inc 01.06.2011; Springer; Springer Nature B.V; Humana Press
• Subjects: Actinin; Allergology; Animals; Anti-DNA antibodies; Antibody-Dependent Cell Cytotoxicity; Antigen-antibody complexes; Antigen-Antibody Reactions; Autoantibodies; Autoantibodies - immunology; Autoantibodies - metabolism; Autoantigens; Autoantigens - immunology; Autoimmunity; Cell Proliferation; Cross Reactions; Diagnosis; Glomerular Basement Membrane; Glomerular Basement Membrane - immunology; Glomerular Basement Membrane - metabolism; Glomerular Basement Membrane - pathology; Humans; Immune Complex Diseases; Immune Complex Diseases - immunology; Immune Complex Diseases - physiopathology; Immunization; Immunoabsorption; Immunology; Internal Medicine; Kidney; Kidney Glomerulus; Kidney Glomerulus - immunology; Kidney Glomerulus - pathology; Life Sciences; Lupus; Lupus Nephritis; Lupus Nephritis - immunology; Lupus Nephritis - physiopathology; Medicine; Medicine & Public Health; Metabolism; Mice; Nephritis; Physiological aspects; Proteinuria; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Alpha-actinin; Antiglomerular antibodies; laminin; Systemic lupus erythematosus; Lupus nephritis
• ISSN: 1080-0549; 1559-0267
• DOI: 10.1007/s12016-010-8204-4

Lupus nephritis (LN) remains the most common severe manifestation of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) characterized by the presence of autoantibodies (Abs) that are believed to play a central role in the pathogenesis of LN. Among more than 100 Abs reported in SLE, only a few display a direct glomerular binding capacity. Such antiglomerular Abs are detected at the onset of the disease before antinuclear Abs detection and proteinuria, this detection is associated with the related autoantigen overexpression. Antiglomerular Abs are able to interfere with cell metabolism, to penetrate living cells, and to induce glomerular cell proliferation. In addition, antiglomerular Abs could be nephritogenic causing proteinuria, particularly when they cross-react with anti-dsDNA Abs. Antiglomerular Abs encompass anti-α-actinin, anti-laminin-1, antifibronectin, antimyosin, and anticollagen Abs. The pathogenic activity of anti-α-actinin Abs has been demonstrated in non-autoimmune mice after immunization with α-actinin, but not with dsDNA, leading to a SLE-like disease with proteinuria and glomerular immune complex deposition. Similarly, extracorporeal immunoabsorption to remove anti-laminin-1 Abs reduces kidney-Abs deposition and proteinuria in mice and humans proving their pathogenic effect. Altogether this suggests that antiglomerular Abs participate, at least at the beginning, in the glomerular immune complex deposition and in the kidney damage.