Enteric Viruses and Inflammatory Bowel Disease

• Published in: Viruses Vol. 13; no. 1; p. 104
• Main Authors: Tarris, Georges, de Rougemont, Alexis, Charkaoui, Maëva, Michiels, Christophe, Martin, Laurent, Belliot, Gaël
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Switzerland MDPI AG 13.01.2021; MDPI
• Subjects: adenovirus; Adenoviruses; aichi virus; Animals; Antigens; astrovirus; Autophagy; Bacteria; Bacterial infections; Biomarkers; Blood Group Antigens - genetics; Blood Group Antigens - immunology; Blood groups; Colon; Crohn's disease; Cytokines; Cytomegalovirus; Disease Management; Disease Susceptibility; Edema; Endoscopy; Enterovirus - physiology; Enterovirus Infections - complications; Enterovirus Infections - epidemiology; Enterovirus Infections - virology; Epidemiology; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Genome-wide association studies; Genomes; Host-Pathogen Interactions; Humans; Infections; Inflammation; Inflammatory bowel disease; Inflammatory bowel diseases; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - diagnosis; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - epidemiology; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - etiology; Inflammatory Bowel Diseases - therapy; Intestine; Microbial Interactions; Microbiota; Mutation; norovirus; Paneth cells; Pathogenesis; Pediatrics; Phagocytosis; Review; Rotavirus; sapovirus; Serology; Signal Transduction; Ulcerative colitis; Viral infections; Virome; Viruses; astrovirus; sapovirus; norovirus; rotavirus; adenovirus; aichi virus; ulcerative colitis; inflammatory bowel disease; Crohn’s disease
• ISSN: 1999-4915; 1999-4915
• DOI: 10.3390/v13010104

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), including ulcerative colitis (UC) and Crohn's disease (CD), is a multifactorial disease in which dietary, genetic, immunological, and microbial factors are at play. The role of enteric viruses in IBD remains only partially explored. To date, epidemiological studies have not fully described the role of enteric viruses in inflammatory flare-ups, especially that of human noroviruses and rotaviruses, which are the main causative agents of viral gastroenteritis. Genome-wide association studies have demonstrated the association between IBD, polymorphisms of the and genes (which drive the synthesis of histo-blood group antigens), and ligands for norovirus and rotavirus in the intestine. The role of autophagy in defensin-deficient Paneth cells and the perturbations of cytokine secretion in T-helper 1 and T-helper 17 inflammatory pathways following enteric virus infections have been demonstrated as well. Enteric virus interactions with commensal bacteria could play a significant role in the modulation of enteric virus infections in IBD. Based on the currently incomplete knowledge of the complex phenomena underlying IBD pathogenesis, future studies using multi-sampling and data integration combined with new techniques such as human intestinal enteroids could help to decipher the role of enteric viruses in IBD.