Genotypic Variability in Morphological and Physiological Traits among Maize Inbred Lines--Nitrogen Responses

• Published in: Crop science Vol. 46; no. 3; pp. 1266 - 1276
• Main Authors: D'Andrea, K.E, Otegui, M.E, Cirilo, A.G, Eyherabide, G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Madison Crop Science Society of America 01.05.2006; American Society of Agronomy
• Subjects: Agronomy. Soil science and plant productions; Biological and medical sciences; Canopies; canopy; Corn; dry matter accumulation; Experiments; Fundamental and applied biological sciences. Psychology; Generalities. Genetics. Plant material; Genetic aspects; Genetic engineering; Genetic resources, diversity; genetic variation; Genetics and breeding of economic plants; genotype; grain yield; Growth rate; inbred lines; Inbreeding; Interception; leaf area index; Leaves; light; light interception; Nitrogen; nutrient availability; nutrient use efficiency; Phosphorus content; Physiological aspects; Physiology; Plant growth; Plant material; plant morphology; plant nutrition; Studies; Zea mays; South America; Argentina; United States; North America; America; Physiological condition; Monocotyledones; Genetic variability; Zea mays; Available nutrient; Nitrogen; Cereal crop; Phenotype; Gramineae; Morphology; Angiospermae; Spermatophyta; Pure line
• ISSN: 0011-183X; 1435-0653
• DOI: 10.2135/cropsci2005.07-0195

A better understanding of the physiological processes related to nitrogen (N) metabolism in maize (Zea mays L.) inbred lines is important for increasing the efficiency of breeding programs targeting low-N environments. This study analyzed the response to contrasting N availability of morphophysiological traits in a set of 12 maize inbred lines, from different origins (USA and Argentina) and breeding eras (from 1952 onward). Traits included in the analysis were related to canopy structure, light interception, shoot biomass production, and grain yield. Our results indicate that (i) the start of N effects on canopy size was more related to a threshold crop leaf area index (about 2) than to a given leaf stage (i.e., Vn), (ii) the light attenuation coefficient value was not affected by N availability, (iii) variations in kernel number per plant were explained by prolificacy (r2 = 0.59), and (iv) differences in harvest index were related to kernel number per plant (r2 = 0.77). The most important finding of our research was the detection in some inbreds of a particular response of kernel number to plant growth rate around silking, different from the general model established for hybrids. In these inbreds an additional effect of N availability was detected as reduced kernel set at a given plant growth rate under N deficient conditions (i.e., reduced reproductive efficiency). This result highlights the need of more research on reproductive sink development in this type of germplasm.