A psychometric evaluation of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale in patients diagnosed with end-stage renal disease

• Published in: British journal of clinical psychology Vol. 43; no. 1; pp. 51 - 64
• Main Authors: Martin, Colin R., Tweed, Alison E., Metcalfe, Matthew S.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Oxford, UK Blackwell Publishing Ltd 01.03.2004; British Psychological Society
• Subjects: Anxiety; Anxiety - diagnosis; Anxiety - etiology; Assessment; Biological and medical sciences; Clinical psychology; Cross-Sectional Studies; Depression; Depression - diagnosis; Depression - etiology; Diseases; Evaluation; Factor Analysis, Statistical; Female; Hospitalization; Humans; Illness; Kidney diseases; Kidney Failure, Chronic - psychology; Kidney Failure, Chronic - rehabilitation; Kidney Failure, Chronic - therapy; Male; Medical sciences; Middle Aged; Psychology; Psychology. Psychoanalysis. Psychiatry; Psychometric properties; Psychometrics; Psychometrics. Diagnostic aid systems; Psychopathology. Psychiatry; Renal Dialysis; Reproducibility of Results; Surveys and Questionnaires; Techniques and methods; Mood disorder; Human; Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale Zigmond Snaith; Kidney disease; Urinary system disease; Stability; Evaluation scale; Anxiety disorder; Depression; Psychometrics; Terminal stage; Test reliability; Test validation; Symptomatology; Cross sectional study
• ISSN: 0144-6657; 2044-8260
• DOI: 10.1348/014466504772812968

Objectives: To determine the psychometric properties of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) in patients with end‐stage renal disease (ESRD) and determine the suitability of the instrument for use with this clinical group. Design: Between‐subjects and cross‐sectional design. The independent variable was type of treatment for ESRD. The dependent variables were HADS total (all items) and HADS anxiety and depression subscale scores. Methods: Group differences in HADS scores were determined using between‐subjects one‐way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted on the HADS to determine its psychometric properties in 160 patients with ESRD. Seven models were tested to determine model fit to the data. Results: None of the seven models tested proved to be an adequate fit to the data. Treatment modality was found to have a significant impact on HADS‐assessed levels of anxiety and depression. Conclusions: The clinical utility of the HADS in the assessment of anxiety and depression in ESRD patients may be enhanced by using the HADS total (all items) score as an index of psychological distress. Further research is required to establish the appropriateness of using the HADS to screen ESRD patients.