Test compounds for detecting the silanol effect on the elution of ionized amines in reversed-phase LC

• Published in: Journal of separation science Vol. 33; no. 3; pp. 348 - 358
• Main Authors: Okusa, Kensuke, Suita, Yuki, Otsuka, Yukio, Tahara, Mineo, Ikegami, Tohru, Tanaka, Nobuo, Ohira, Masayoshi, Takahashi, Masakazu
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Weinheim Wiley-VCH Verlag 01.02.2010; WILEY-VCH Verlag; WILEY‐VCH Verlag; Wiley
• Subjects: Acceptability; Amines; Amines - chemistry; Amines - isolation & purification; Analysis; Analytical chemistry; Basic compound; Biological and medical sciences; Chemistry; Chromatographic methods and physical methods associated with chromatography; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - instrumentation; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid - methods; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase - instrumentation; Chromatography, Reverse-Phase - methods; Elution; Exact sciences and technology; General pharmacology; Ions - chemistry; Ions - isolation & purification; Medical sciences; Other chromatographic methods; Pharmacology. Drug treatments; Phases; Reversed-phase; Separation; Silanes - chemistry; Silanol effect; Silica gel; Silicon Dioxide - chemistry; Morphinan derivatives; Performance evaluation; Psychotropic; Chromatographic retention; HPLC chromatography; Opiates; Dextromethorphan; Review; Clomipramine; Imipramine; Alkaloid; Amine; Basic compound; Silanol effect; Antidepressant agent; Mianserin; Amitriptyline; Reversed-phase; Triarylmethane dye; Tetracyclic compound; Tricyclic compound; Quinine; Reversed phase chromatography; Ultraviolet detector; Pyridine; Brilliant blue FCF; Bonded stationary phase
• ISSN: 1615-9306; 1615-9314
• DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200900760

The effectiveness of several basic compounds for testing silica-based stationary phases was reviewed by applying them to recent columns for reversed-phase HPLC. Most octadecylsilylated (C18) stationary phases, prepared as a base-deactivated material from high-purity silica gel with endcapping, provided excellent peak shape and column efficiency for the bases including benzylamine and amitriptyline that once caused problems and were subsequently employed for testing silanol activities. However, a cyclic tertiary amine, dextrometorphan, was eluted as an acceptable peak from only a few columns at neutral pH. Such a more sensitive probe is expected to contribute to further improvement of the stationary phase for reversed-phase HPLC.