Testicular defense systems： immune privilege and innate immunity
The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventi...
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| Published in | Cellular & molecular immunology Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 428 - 437 |
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| Main Authors | , , , |
| Format | Journal Article |
| Language | English |
| Published |
London
Nature Publishing Group UK
01.09.2014
Nature Publishing Group |
| Subjects | |
| Online Access | Get full text |
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| Abstract | The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation. |
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| AbstractList | The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation. The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation.The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation. |
| Author | Shutao Zhao Weiwei Zhu Shepu Xue Daishu Han |
| AuthorAffiliation | These authors contributed equally to the work Department of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences ＆ Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China |
| Author_xml | – sequence: 1 givenname: Shutao surname: Zhao fullname: Zhao, Shutao organization: Department of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College – sequence: 2 givenname: Weiwei surname: Zhu fullname: Zhu, Weiwei organization: Department of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College – sequence: 3 givenname: Shepu surname: Xue fullname: Xue, Shepu organization: Department of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College – sequence: 4 givenname: Daishu surname: Han fullname: Han, Daishu email: dshan@ibms.pumc.edu.cn organization: Department of Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College |
| BackLink | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24954222$$D View this record in MEDLINE/PubMed |
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| Copyright | Chinese Society of Immunology and The University of Science and Technology 2014 Copyright Nature Publishing Group Sep 2014 Chinese Society of Immunology and The University of Science and Technology 2014. Copyright © 2014 Chinese Society of Immunology and The University of Science and Technology 2014 Chinese Society of Immunology and The University of Science and Technology |
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| DocumentTitleAlternate | Testicular defense systems： immune privilege and innate immunity Testicular defense systems |
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| Keywords | innate immunity immune privilege testis |
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| Notes | 11-4987/R The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation. immune privilege; innate immunity; testis ObjectType-Article-1 SourceType-Scholarly Journals-1 ObjectType-Feature-2 content type line 14 ObjectType-Review-3 content type line 23 These authors contributed equally to the work. |
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| PublicationTitle | Cellular & molecular immunology |
| PublicationTitleAbbrev | Cell Mol Immunol |
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| PublicationYear | 2014 |
| Publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK Nature Publishing Group |
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| SubjectTerms | Animals Antibodies Biomedical and Life Sciences Biomedicine Germ cells Germ Cells - immunology Homeostasis Humans Immune privilege Immune response Immune Tolerance Immunity, Innate Immunogenicity Immunological tolerance Immunology Infection - complications Infection - immunology Infertility Infertility, Male - etiology Infertility, Male - prevention & control Innate immunity Male Medical Microbiology Microbiology Orchitis Pattern recognition receptors Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology Review Testes Testis - immunology Testis - microbiology Vaccine 先天免疫 哺乳动物 微生物感染 特权 男性不育症 睾丸炎 防御机制 防御系统 |
| Title | Testicular defense systems： immune privilege and innate immunity |
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