Testicular defense systems： immune privilege and innate immunity

The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventi...

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Published inCellular & molecular immunology Vol. 11; no. 5; pp. 428 - 437
Main Authors Zhao, Shutao, Zhu, Weiwei, Xue, Shepu, Han, Daishu
Format Journal Article
LanguageEnglish
Published London Nature Publishing Group UK 01.09.2014
Nature Publishing Group
Subjects
Animals
Antibodies
Biomedical and Life Sciences
Biomedicine
Germ cells
Germ Cells - immunology
Homeostasis
Humans
Immune privilege
Immune response
Immune Tolerance
Immunity, Innate
Immunogenicity
Immunological tolerance
Immunology
Infection - complications
Infection - immunology
Infertility
Infertility, Male - etiology
Infertility, Male - prevention & control
Innate immunity
Male
Medical Microbiology
Microbiology
Orchitis
Pattern recognition receptors
Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology
Review
Testes
Testis - immunology
Testis - microbiology
Vaccine
先天免疫
哺乳动物
微生物感染
特权
男性不育症
睾丸炎
防御机制
防御系统
innate immunity
immune privilege
testis
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Summary:The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation.
Bibliography:11-4987/R
The mammalian testis possesses a special immunological environment because of its properties of remarkable immune privilege and effective local innate immunity. Testicular immune privilege protects immunogenic germ cells from systemic immune attack, and local innate immunity is important in preventing testicular microbial infections. The breakdown of local testicular immune homeostasis may lead to orchitis, an etiological factor of male infertility. The mechanisms underlying testicular immune privilege have been investigated for a long time. Increasing evidence shows that both a local immunosuppressive milieu and systemic immune tolerance are involved in maintaining testicular immune privilege status. The mechanisms underlying testicular innate immunity are emerging based on the investigation of the pattern recognition receptor-mediated innate immune response in testicular cells. This review summarizes our current understanding of testicular defense mechanisms and identifies topics that merit further investigation.
immune privilege; innate immunity; testis
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These authors contributed equally to the work.
ISSN:1672-7681
2042-0226
2042-0226
DOI:10.1038/cmi.2014.38