Evaluation of the skill of North-American Multi-Model Ensemble (NMME) Global Climate Models in predicting average and extreme precipitation and temperature over the continental USA

• Published in: Climate dynamics Vol. 53; no. 12; pp. 7381 - 7396
• Main Authors: Slater, Louise J., Villarini, Gabriele, Bradley, Allen A.
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.12.2019; Springer; Springer Nature B.V
• Subjects: Analysis; Climate; Climate models; Climatic extremes; Climatology; Drought; Earth and Environmental Science; Earth Sciences; Extreme weather; Flood forecasting; Flood predictions; Floods; Forecasting; Forecasting skill; Geophysics/Geodesy; Global climate; Global climate models; High temperature; Lead time; Monthly forecasts; Oceanography; Precipitation; Precipitation (Meteorology); Reliability aspects; Temperature; Weather forecasting; Canada; North America; United States > US; Model biases; NMME; Flood; Multi-model ensemble; Drought; Seasonal forecasting
• ISSN: 0930-7575; 1432-0894
• DOI: 10.1007/s00382-016-3286-1

This paper examines the forecasting skill of eight Global Climate Models from the North-American Multi-Model Ensemble project (CCSM3, CCSM4, CanCM3, CanCM4, GFDL2.1, FLORb01, GEOS5, and CFSv2) over seven major regions of the continental United States. The skill of the monthly forecasts is quantified using the mean square error skill score. This score is decomposed to assess the accuracy of the forecast in the absence of biases (potential skill) and in the presence of conditional (slope reliability) and unconditional (standardized mean error) biases. We summarize the forecasting skill of each model according to the initialization month of the forecast and lead time, and test the models’ ability to predict extended periods of extreme climate conducive to eight ‘billion-dollar’ historical flood and drought events. Results indicate that the most skillful predictions occur at the shortest lead times and decline rapidly thereafter. Spatially, potential skill varies little, while actual model skill scores exhibit strong spatial and seasonal patterns primarily due to the unconditional biases in the models. The conditional biases vary little by model, lead time, month, or region. Overall, we find that the skill of the ensemble mean is equal to or greater than that of any of the individual models. At the seasonal scale, the drought events are better forecast than the flood events, and are predicted equally well in terms of high temperature and low precipitation. Overall, our findings provide a systematic diagnosis of the strengths and weaknesses of the eight models over a wide range of temporal and spatial scales.