Trial Watch: Immunogenic cell death inducers for anticancer chemotherapy

• Published in: Oncoimmunology Vol. 4; no. 4; p. e1008866
• Main Authors: Pol, Jonathan, Vacchelli, Erika, Aranda, Fernando, Castoldi, Francesca, Eggermont, Alexander, Cremer, Isabelle, Sautès-Fridman, Catherine, Fucikova, Jitka, Galon, Jérôme, Spisek, Radek, Tartour, Eric, Zitvogel, Laurence, Kroemer, Guido, Galluzzi, Lorenzo
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 03.04.2015
• Subjects: ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; antigen-presenting cell; autophagy; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; damage-associated molecular pattern; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; dendritic cell; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; endoplasmic reticulum stress; EOX, epirubicin plus oxaliplatin plus capecitabine; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FOLFIRINOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus irinotecan plus oxaliplatin; FOLFOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin; GEMOX, gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ICD, immunogenic cell death; mAb, monoclonal antibody; MM, multiple myeloma; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; Review; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; type I interferon; XELOX, capecitabine plus oxaliplatin; ALL, acute lymphoblastic leukemia; antigen-presenting cell; mAb, monoclonal antibody; GEMOX, gemcitabine plus oxaliplatin; MM, multiple myeloma; XELOX, capecitabine plus oxaliplatin; endoplasmic reticulum stress; EOX, epirubicin plus oxaliplatin plus capecitabine; NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma; damage-associated molecular pattern; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; ICD, immunogenic cell death; CML, chronic myeloid leukemia; FOLFIRINOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus irinotecan plus oxaliplatin; DAMP, damage-associated molecular pattern; autophagy; AML, acute myeloid leukemia; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; FOLFOX, folinic acid plus 5-fluorouracil plus oxaliplatin; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; type I interferon; NHL, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; TACE, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; ER, endoplasmic reticulum; dendritic cell
• ISSN: 2162-402X; 2162-4011; 2162-402X
• DOI: 10.1080/2162402X.2015.1008866

The term "immunogenic cell death" (ICD) is now employed to indicate a functionally peculiar form of apoptosis that is sufficient for immunocompetent hosts to mount an adaptive immune response against dead cell-associated antigens. Several drugs have been ascribed with the ability to provoke ICD when employed as standalone therapeutic interventions. These include various chemotherapeutics routinely employed in the clinic (e.g., doxorubicin, epirubicin, idarubicin, mitoxantrone, bleomycin, bortezomib, cyclophosphamide and oxaliplatin) as well as some anticancer agents that are still under preclinical or clinical development (e.g., some microtubular inhibitors of the epothilone family). In addition, a few drugs are able to convert otherwise non-immunogenic instances of cell death into bona fide ICD, and may therefore be employed as chemotherapeutic adjuvants within combinatorial regimens. This is the case of cardiac glycosides, like digoxin and digitoxin, and zoledronic acid. Here, we discuss recent developments on anticancer chemotherapy based on ICD inducers.