Spider diagram and sustainability evaluation of UV-methods strategy for quantification of aspirin and sildenafil citrate in the presence of salicylic acid in their bulk and formulation

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 9; no. 4; p. e15260
• Main Authors: Kayali, Zahraa, Obaydo, Reem H., Alhaj Sakur, Amir
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.04.2023; Elsevier
• Subjects: AGREE; Aspirin; Complex GAPI; Green solvents selecting tool; Salicylic acid; Sildenafil citrate; Spider diagram; UV-methods; Salicylic acid; Spider diagram; Aspirin; Green solvents selecting tool; Sildenafil citrate; Complex GAPI; AGREE; UV-methods
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e15260

The cutting-edge combination of aspirin (ASA) and sildenafil citrate (SIC) has been presented as a suggested dosage form for the treatment of thin endometrium and erectile dysfunction, particularly in patients with cardiovascular diseases. However, ASA is highly sensitive to degradation into its major deterioration product, known as salicylic acid (SA). Consequently, it is eminently essential to evolve approaches for the synchronous quantification of ASA and SIC in the presence of SA. The main objective of this work is to develop three approaches for the synchronous quantification of ASA and SIC in the presence of SA in their commixtures and suggested formulations without any prior separation. Three green UV-methods were employed for the synchronous quantification, namely: Dual Wavelength in Ratio Spectra (DW-RS), Advanced Amplitude Centering (AAC), and Double Divisor of Ratio Difference Derivative (DDRD-D1). In DW-RS and AAC two-wavelength manipulation was used for resolution, while in DDRD-D1 only an appropriate wavelength for the synchronous quantification of the triplex commixture was used. All approaches can be able to resolve the highly interfering spectrum of the three components presented in the triplex commixture. Good linearity was inspected in the range of 20.0–100.0, 5.0–50.0, and 4.0–60.0 μg/mL for the ASA, SIC, and SA, respectively. All developed approaches have been advocated in accordance with ICH guidelines. All results from these approaches are presented and statistically reconciled with the proclaimed HPLC method, with no considerable differences. Furthermore, the approaches' eco-friendliness was predestined by Analytical Greenness (AGREE), and the complex GAPI. Moreover, the sustainability of the used solvent was evaluated by Green Solvents Selecting Tool (GSST); in addition, the greenness of the solvent was evaluated by Greenness Index tool with a spider diagram. The suggested UV-methods may be employed for routine quality control studies of the suggested formulations ASA & SIC since they were considered sustainable, economical, and effective. [Display omitted] •The first UV approaches have been utilized for the synchronous quantification of aspirin and sildenafil citrate in the presence of salicylic acid.•Use of DDRD-D1 to increase the sensitivity of the approach.•GSST was used for the first time to evaluate the solvents sustainability in spectrophotometric analytical methods.•Green Engineering Design for evaluating Solvents via greenness index tool with spider diagram.•AGREE; and Complex GAPI to evaluate the greenness of the applied UV- method.