Safety and immunogenicity of a combined Tetanus, Diphtheria, recombinant acellular Pertussis vaccine (TdaP) in healthy Thai adults

• Published in: Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics Vol. 13; no. 1; pp. 136 - 143
• Main Authors: Sirivichayakul, Chukiat, Chanthavanich, Pornthep, Limkittikul, Kriengsak, Siegrist, Claire-Anne, Wijagkanalan, Wassana, Chinwangso, Pailinrut, Petre, Jean, Hong Thai, Pham, Chauhan, Mukesh, Viviani, Simonetta
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Taylor & Francis 02.01.2017; Taylor & Francis Group
• Subjects: Adolescent; Adult; Antibodies, Bacterial - blood; Cell Survival - drug effects; clinical trial; Diphtheria - prevention & control; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines - administration & dosage; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines - adverse effects; Diphtheria-Tetanus-acellular Pertussis Vaccines - immunology; Double-Blind Method; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - epidemiology; Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions - pathology; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay; Female; Healthy Volunteers; Humans; Immunoglobulin G - blood; Injections, Intramuscular; Male; Neutralization Tests; phase I/II; recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine; Research Papers; TdaP; Tetanus - prevention & control; Thailand; Whooping Cough - prevention & control; Young Adult; clinical trial; phase I/II; TdaP; recombinant acellular pertussis vaccine; Thailand
• ISSN: 2164-5515; 2164-554X; 2164-554X
• DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2016.1234555

Background: An acellular Pertussis (aP) vaccine containing recombinant genetically detoxified Pertussis Toxin (PTgen), Filamentous Hemagglutinin (FHA) and Pertactin (PRN) has been developed by BioNet-Asia (BioNet). We present here the results of the first clinical study of this recombinant aP vaccine formulated alone or in combination with tetanus and diphtheria toxoids (TdaP). Methods: A phase I/II, observer-blind, randomized controlled trial was conducted at Mahidol University in Bangkok, Thailand in healthy adult volunteers aged 18-35 y. The eligible volunteers were randomized to receive one dose of either BioNet's aP or Tetanus toxoid-reduced Diphtheria toxoid-acellular Pertussis (TdaP) vaccine, or the Tdap Adacel® vaccine in a 1:1:1 ratio. Safety follow-up was performed for one month. Immunogenicity was assessed at baseline, at 7 and 28 d after vaccination. Anti-PT, anti-FHA, anti-PRN, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria IgG antibodies were assessed by ELISA. Anti-PT neutralizing antibodies were assessed also by CHO cell assay. Results: A total of 60 subjects (20 per each vaccine group) were enrolled and included in the safety analysis. Safety laboratory parameters, incidence of local and systemic post-immunization reactions during 7 d after vaccination and incidence of adverse events during one month after vaccination were similar in the 3 vaccine groups. One month after vaccination, seroresponse rates of anti-PT, anti-FHA and anti-PRN IgG antibodies exceeded 78% in all vaccine groups. The anti-PT IgG, anti-FHA IgG, and anti-PT neutralizing antibody geometric mean titers (GMTs) were significantly higher following immunization with BioNet's aP and BioNet's TdaP than Adacel® (P< 0.05). The anti-PRN IgG, anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria GMTs at one month after immunization were comparable in all vaccine groups. All subjects had seroprotective titers of anti-tetanus and anti-diphtheria antibodies at baseline. Conclusion: In this first clinical study, PTgen-based BioNet's aP and TdaP vaccines showed a similar tolerability and safety profile to Adacel® and elicited significantly higher immune responses to PT and FHA.