Association of phosphorylation site of tau protein with neuronal apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease

• Published in: Journal of the neurological sciences Vol. 208; no. 1; pp. 17 - 24
• Main Authors: Kobayashi, Katsuji, Nakano, Hiroyuki, Hayashi, Masahiro, Shimazaki, Masao, Fukutani, Yuken, Sasaki, Kazuo, Sugimori, Kaoru, Koshino, Yoshifumi
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Shannon Elsevier B.V 15.04.2003; Elsevier Science
• Subjects: Alzheimer Disease - metabolism; Alzheimer Disease - pathology; Alzheimer's disease; Antibodies, Monoclonal - metabolism; Apoptosis; Apoptosis - physiology; Biological and medical sciences; Brain - anatomy & histology; Brain - metabolism; Brain - pathology; Degenerative and inherited degenerative diseases of the nervous system. Leukodystrophies. Prion diseases; Epitopes - immunology; Epitopes - metabolism; Humans; Immunohistochemistry; In Situ Nick-End Labeling - methods; Medical sciences; Neurofibrillary tangles; Neurofibrillary Tangles - metabolism; Neurology; Neurons - pathology; Peptide Fragments - metabolism; Phosphorylation; Pretangle neurons; tau Proteins - metabolism; tau Proteins - physiology; TUNEL; Neurofibrillary tangles; TUNEL; Pretangle neurons; Alzheimer's disease; Apoptosis; Human; Immunohistochemistry; Nervous system diseases; Phosphorylation; Pathophysiology; Alzheimer disease; Neurofibrillary tangle; Cerebral disorder; Pathology; Neuron; Tau protein; Central nervous system disease; Degenerative disease
• ISSN: 0022-510X; 1878-5883
• DOI: 10.1016/S0022-510X(02)00410-0

In addition to neuritic changes and amyloid deposits, neuronal and glial cell apoptosis is an important pathological feature of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several factors have been postulated as causes or triggers of cellular apoptotic change. This study focused on a quantifiable relationship between phosphorylation sites of tau protein in the neurofibrillary tangles (NFT) and neuronal apoptosis. Five monoclonal anti-tau antibodies (AT180, AT8, HT7, Tau2 and Tau5) for NFT labeling and TdT-mediated UTP nick-end labeling (TUNEL) for localizing apoptotic change were employed. TUNEL-stained neuronal nuclei showed significantly high density in the entorhinal cortex, cornu ammonis (CA) and the parietal cortex. In all regions, density of TUNEL-stained neuronal nuclei showed significantly direct correlation with that of AT8-, AT180- and Tau2-positive neurons. Correlation of TUNEL-stained neuronal nuclei with tau-positive neurons differed depending on the cerebral regions. Density of TUNEL-stained neuronal nuclei showed inverse correlation with that of both AT8-positive and Gallyas-stained NFT in the CA and showed significantly direct correlation with AT8- and HT7-positive neurons in the frontal cortex. Density of tau-positive and Gallyas-stained NFT was higher than that of TUNEL-stained nuclei. We conclude that phosphorylation sites of tau, 159–163 and 202–205, are probably associated with neuronal apoptosis and apoptotic change follows abnormal phosphorylation of tau.