Sphingomonas panaciterrae PB20 increases growth, photosynthetic pigments, antioxidants, and mineral nutrient contents in spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.)

• Published in: Heliyon Vol. 10; no. 3; p. e25596
• Main Authors: Sultana, Razia, Islam, Shah Mohammad Naimul, Sriti, Nurjahan, Ahmed, Mysha, Shuvo, Sourav Biswas, Rahman, Md Habibur, Jashim, Asif Iqbal Ibne
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 15.02.2024; Elsevier
• Subjects: Antioxidants; Nutrient content; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); Sphingomonas; Spinach; Antioxidants; Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR); Sphingomonas; Spinach; Nutrient content
• ISSN: 2405-8440; 2405-8440
• DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e25596

Plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) have been intensively investigated in agricultural crops for decades. Nevertheless, little information is available on the application of Sphingomonas spp. as a PGPR particularly in vegetables, despite of potential plant growth promoting traits of this group. This study investigated the role of Sphingomonas panaciterrae (PB20) on growth and nutritional profile of spinach applied through seed priming (SP), soil drenching (SD), foliar application (FA), and bacterial culture filtrate foliar (BCF) applications. The results showed that, depending on different methods of application, PB20 significantly increased plant height (19.57–65.65 %), fresh weight (7.26–37.41 %), total chlorophyll (71.14–192.54 %), carotenoid (67.10–211.67 %) antioxidant (55.99–207.04), vitamin C (8.1–94.6 %) and protein content (6.7–21.5 %) compared to control in the edible part of spinach. Among the mineral nutrients, root nitrogen (N) showed greater response to bacterial application (18.65%–46.15 % increase over control) than shoot nitrogen (6.70%–21.52 % increased over control). Likewise, in all methods of application, phosphorus (P) content showed significant increase over control both in root (42.79–78.48 %) and in shoot (3.57–27.0 %). Seed priming and foliar application of PB20 increased the shoot calcium (Ca) content compared to control. BCF foliar application yielded maximum magnesium (Mg), iron (Fe) and zinc (Zn) in shoot. However, seed priming resulted in maximum Fe in root. Overall, seed priming outperformed in growth, vitamin C, antioxidants, N and P uptake, while BCF foliar application resulted in better uptake of several nutrients. Multivariate analysis validated the positive association of most of the growth parameters with SP while several nutrients with FA and BCF. Based on the findings it is evident that this rhizobacteria PB20 has the potentiality to be applied as a biofertilizer to produce nutrient-enriched spinach with an improved yield. Farmers can conveniently incorporate PR20 through seed priming before planting of spinach, with additional benefits through foliar spray. •PGPR Sphingomonas panaciterrae PB20 applied in spinach by four different methods.•PB20 improved plant height, fresh weight, antioxidant, vitamin C, chlorophyll, and carotenoid content of spinach plant.•PB20 increased the amount of N, P, Ca and Mg, Fe and Zn in the shoot of spinach in all methods of application.•Seed priming resulted the tallest plant, highest amount of antioxidant and N and P content in spinach shoot and root.•Foliar application and bacterial culture filtrate foliar application showed better results in several nutrients uptake.