Novel insights of dietary polyphenols and obesity

• Published in: The Journal of nutritional biochemistry Vol. 25; no. 1; pp. 1 - 18
• Main Authors: Wang, Shu, Moustaid-Moussa, Naima, Chen, Lixia, Mo, Huanbiao, Shastri, Anuradha, Su, Rui, Bapat, Priyanka, Kwun, InSook, Shen, Chwan-Li
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: United States Elsevier Inc 01.01.2014
• Subjects: adipocytes; Adipocytes - drug effects; Adipocytes - metabolism; adipogenesis; Animal; Animals; Antioxidants; beta oxidation; binding proteins; Catechin - analogs & derivatives; Catechin - pharmacology; Cell; Cell Differentiation - drug effects; chronic diseases; curcumin; Curcumin - pharmacology; Diet; Dietary polyphenols; energy expenditure; epigallocatechin; fatty acids; flavanols; gender; glucose; green tea; hemostasis; Human; Humans; inflammation; lipolysis; Molecular mechanism; nationalities and ethnic groups; Obesity; Obesity - metabolism; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors; Plant Extracts - pharmacology; polyphenols; Polyphenols - pharmacology; randomized clinical trials; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic; resveratrol; signal transduction; Stilbenes - pharmacology; Tea - chemistry; transcription factor NF-kappa B; triacylglycerols; viability; weight loss; FFA; Apo; C/EBPα; aP2; GTP; IGF-I; UCP; MDA; FFM; GPX; HDL-C; Antioxidants; NF-κB; DBP; PAI-1; SCD1; Cell; EC; HSL; Human; Obesity; IL; EGCG; TBARS; MAPK; SIRT1; PON; PPARγ; CVD; HOMA-IR; MMP; Animal; ROS; AMPK; FA; Dietary polyphenols; CPT-1; MCP-1; RCT; LDL-C; ATGL; Molecular mechanism; FM; LXR; LPL; ACAT; cAMP; FOXO1; IFN; BW; BMI; ABCA1; EGC; SBP; ACC; GSSG; PDEs; ECG; SOD; AGP; PGC-1α; SREBP-1c; TC; FABP4; TG; TNF-α; FASN; GTC; FAS; GTE; GPAT; HF; acyl-coenzyme A: cholesterol acyltransferase; total cholesterol; uncoupling protein; tumor necrosis factor-alpha; insulin-like growth factor-I; diastolic blood pressure; high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; phosphodiesterases; green tea catechin; glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase; fatty acid synthase; superoxide dismutase; hormone-sensitive lipase; peroxisome proliferator activator receptor γ; epigallocatechin; glutathione peroxidase; fat mass; fatty acid binding protein 4; mitogen-activated protein kinase; sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1c; epicatechin; cardiovascular disease; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase; plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1; randomized controlled trial; cyclic adenosine monophosphate; lipoprotein lipase; adipocyte P2 protein, which is also known as aFABP, the adipocyte fatty acid binding protein or FAPB-4; green tea extracts; apolipoprotein; carnitine palmitoyltransferase-1; glutathione disulfide; epigallocatechin gallate; epicatechin gallate; adenosine-triphosphate-binding cassette A1; systolic blood pressure; body weight; CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α; adipose triglyceride lipase; malondialdehyde; liver X receptor; paraoxonase; homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; aminoalkyl glucosaminide 4-phosphate; body mass index; acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase; forkhead box protein O1; nuclear factor-κB; stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1; triglyceride; low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; fatty acid; monocyte chemoattractant protein-1; fat-free mass; reactive oxygen species; interleukin; sirtuin 1; interferon; high fat; peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha; free fatty acid; green tea polyphenols; matrix metalloproteinase
• ISSN: 0955-2863; 1873-4847; 1873-4847
• DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2013.09.001

The prevalence of obesity has steadily increased over the past three decades both in the United States and worldwide. Recent studies have shown the role of dietary polyphenols in the prevention of obesity and obesity-related chronic diseases. Here, we evaluated the impact of commonly consumed polyphenols, including green tea catechins, especially epigallocatechin gallates, resveratrol and curcumin, on obesity and obesity-related inflammation. Cellular studies demonstrated that these dietary polyphenols reduce viability of adipocytes and proliferation of preadipocytes, suppress adipocyte differentiation and triglyceride accumulation, stimulate lipolysis and fatty acid β-oxidation, and reduce inflammation. Concomitantly, the polyphenols modulate signaling pathways including the adenosine-monophosphate-activated protein kinase, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor γ, CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma activator 1-alpha, sirtuin 1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1c, uncoupling proteins 1 and 2, and nuclear factor-κB that regulate adipogenesis, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory responses. Animal studies strongly suggest that commonly consumed polyphenols described in this review have a pronounced effect on obesity as shown by lower body weight, fat mass and triglycerides through enhancing energy expenditure and fat utilization, and modulating glucose hemostasis. Limited human studies have been conducted in this area and are inconsistent about the antiobesity impact of dietary polyphenols probably due to the various study designs and lengths, variation among subjects (age, gender, ethnicity), chemical forms of the dietary polyphenols used and confounding factors such as other weight-reducing agents. Future randomized controlled trials are warranted to reconcile the discrepancies between preclinical efficacies and inconclusive clinic outcomes of these polyphenols.