Innate immune activation of NFκB and its antagonism by poxviruses

• Published in: Cytokine & growth factor reviews Vol. 25; no. 5; pp. 611 - 620
• Main Authors: Brady, Gareth, Bowie, Andrew G
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: England Elsevier Ltd 01.10.2014
• Subjects: Advanced Basic Science; Animals; Cytokines - immunology; Host-Pathogen Interactions - immunology; Humans; IL-1; Immunity, Innate - immunology; NF-kappa B - immunology; NFκB; Phosphotransferases - metabolism; Poxviridae; Poxvirus; Receptors, Pattern Recognition - immunology; Signal Transduction; TNF; Viral immune evasion; interleukin-1; TRAF; VARV; TI-IFN; RIG-I; receptor-interacting protein 1; TNF; TRAM; myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88; MPV; Flt3 ligand-mobilized DC; TBK1; β-transducin repeat-containing protein; dsRNA; Cgamp; cDC; IL-1; myxoma virus; Vflip; β-TrCP; modified vaccinia Ankara; RSV; cGAMP synthase; retinoic acid-inducible gene; VSV; Mal; apoptotic speck protein; IRF; TRIF; respiratory syncytial virus; RLRs; pathogen associated molecular pattern; vesicular stomatitis virus; MSK1; plasmacytoid dendritic cell; ASC; TAK1; TRIF-related adapter molecule; IRAK2; PPV; cGAS; RIG-I-like receptors; NFκB essential modulator; IFN regulatory factor; IKK; type I interferon; PAMP; absent in melanoma 2; MAVS; DNA-dependent protein kinase; tumor necrosis factor; VACV; STING; toll-like receptor; TIR; Rel Homology Domain; caspase-associated recruitment domain 9; pattern recognition receptor; RIP1; ECTV; MCV; cowpox virus; nuclear factor κB; CPV; MyD88; parapox virus; MYXV; camelpox virus; IκB kinase; melanoma differentiation factor 5; mitochondrial antiviral signalling; PRR; mitogen and stress-activated kinase-1; Molluscum contagiosum virus; double stranded RNA; conventional dendritic cell; NFκB; cyclic-GMP-AMP; viral inhibitory peptide of TLR4; damage associated molecular pattern; FLICE-like protein; AIM2; VIPER; interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 2; MVA; Viral immune evasion; NEMO; variola virus; tank binding kinase 1; Poxvirus; vaccinia virus; RHD; MDA5; TLR; monkeypox virus; TNF receptor-associated factor; DNA-PK; FLDC; stimulator of IFN genes; CARD9; Toll-IL-1R; TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β; pDC; CMPV; transforming growth factor beta-activated kinase 1; ectromelia virus; MyD88-adapter-like; DAMP
• ISSN: 1359-6101; 1879-0305
• DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.004

Highlights • In recent years multiple PRRs that detect poxviruses have been described. • NFκB activation by PRRs and cytokines is a key host anti-poxviral response. • Poxviruses have evolved multiple mechanisms to inhibit NFkB activation. • The NFκB inhibitors act proximal to NFκB and also on upstream signaling pathways.