Pre-hatching fluoxetine-induced neurochemical, neurodevelopmental, and immunological changes in newly hatched cuttlefish

• Published in: Environmental science and pollution research international Vol. 23; no. 6; pp. 5030 - 5045
• Main Authors: Bidel, Flavie, Di Poi, Carole, Imarazene, Boudjema, Koueta, Noussithé, Budzinski, Hélène, Van Delft, Pierre, Bellanger, Cécile, Jozet-Alves, Christelle
• Format: Journal Article
• Language: English
• Published: Berlin/Heidelberg Springer Berlin Heidelberg 01.03.2016; Springer Nature B.V; Springer Verlag
• Subjects: Animal biology; Animals; Antidepressants; Aquatic Pollution; Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution; Behavior; brain; Brain - drug effects; Cell growth; cell proliferation; coastal water; Coastal waters; cognition; Cognitive science; Decapodiformes - drug effects; Decapodiformes - growth & development; Earth and Environmental Science; Ecotoxicology; egg shell; Eggs; embryogenesis; Embryonic growth stage; Embryos; Environment; Environmental Chemistry; Environmental Health; Environmental science; Fluoxetine - pharmacology; Fluoxetine - toxicity; Hatching; Immunology; Invertebrate Zoology; juveniles; Life Sciences; lysozyme; mechanism of action; Mode of action; molluscs; Mollusks; Nervous system; Neuroscience; Organic contaminants; Pharmaceutical industry wastes; Pharmaceuticals; Pharmaceuticals in the Aquatic Environment; Pollutants; Sepia officinalis; Serotonin; Serotonin Uptake Inhibitors - toxicity; Studies; Vertebrates; Waste Water Technology; Water Management; Water Pollutants, Chemical - toxicity; Water pollution; Water Pollution Control; Cell proliferation; Camouflage; Monoamines; Bioconcentration; Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI); Brain maturation; Cephalopods; Immune system; sepia-officinalis; vertical lobe complex; medaka oryzias-latipes; prefrontal cortex; body patterns; fish betta-splendens; cell-proliferation; serotonin reuptake inhibitors; antidepressant treatment; personal care products; camouflage
• ISSN: 0944-1344; 1614-7499; 1614-7499
• DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4591-7

Embryonic and early postembryonic development of the cuttlefish Sepia officinalis (a cephalopod mollusk) occurs in coastal waters, an environment subject to considerable pressure from xenobiotic pollutants such as pharmaceutical residues. Given the role of serotonin in brain development and its interaction with neurodevelopmental functions, this study focused on fluoxetine (FLX), a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI, antidepressant). The goal was to determine the effects of subchronic waterborne FLX exposure (1 and 10 μg L⁻¹) during the last 15 days of embryonic development on neurochemical, neurodevelopmental, behavioral, and immunological endpoints at hatching. Our results showed for the first time that organic contaminants, such as FLX, could pass through the eggshell during embryonic development, leading to a substantial accumulation of this molecule in hatchlings. We also found that FLX embryonic exposure (1 and 10 μg L⁻¹) (1) modulated dopaminergic but not serotonergic neurotransmission, (2) decreased cell proliferation in key brain structures for cognitive and visual processing, (3) did not induce a conspicuous change in camouflage quality, and (4) decreased lysozyme activity. In the long term, these alterations observed during a critical period of development may impair complex behaviors of the juvenile cuttlefish and thus lead to a decrease in their survival. Finally, we suggest a different mode of action by FLX between vertebrate and non-vertebrate species and raise questions regarding the vulnerability of early life stages of cuttlefish to the pharmaceutical contamination found in coastal waters.